Biology 114 Exam Three Study Questions and Correct Answers-University of Idaho

**Among the characteristics unique to animals is: a. gastrulation b. multicellularity c. sexual reproduction d. flagellated sperm e. heterotrophic nutrition What synapomorphy distinguishes animals as a monophyletic group, distinct form choanoflagellates? a. multicellularity b. coloniality c. heterotrophy d. no cell walls a. multicellularity Based on morphological and molecular data, which living protist group is most closely related to animals? a. poriferans b. nucleariids c. chytrids d. choanoflagellates e. dinoflagellates b. nucleariids This type of body symmetry gives an animal a dorsal and ventral side, a left and right side, and an anterior and posterior end: a. asymmetry b. bilateral symmetry c. radial symmetry d. planar symmetry b. bilateral symmetry The digestive system of most animals is lined with cells through which nutrients are absorbed. What is the embryonic origin of these cells? a. endoderm b. ectoderm c. mesoderm a. endoderm The most ancient branching point in animal phylogeny is the characteristic of having ____. a. radial or bilateral symmetry b. diploblastic or triploblastic embryos c. true tissues or no tissues d. a body cavity or no body cavity c. true tissues or no tissues **Which type of development is characterized by a blastopore that becomes the anus? a. deuterostome b. protostome c. triploblastic d. diploblastic e. blastulation a. deuterostome The evolution of animal species has been prolific (the estimates go into the millions and tens of millions). Much of this diversity is a result of the evolution of novel ways to _____. a. reproduce b. arrange cells into tissues c. sense, feed, and move d. form an embryo and establish a basic body plan c. sense, feed, and move The primary ecological role of animals is: a. producer b. decomposer c. consumer d. detritivore e. saprophage c. consumer An adult animal that possesses bilateral symmetry would most likely be ___. a. triploblastic b. a deuterostome c. coelomates d. diploblastic a. triploblastic Diploblastic animals have which of the following germ layers? a. endoderm b. ectoderm c. mesoderm d. a and b only e. all of the above d. a and b only What was an early selective advandage of a coelom in animals? A coelom ____. a. contributed to a hydrostatic skeleton, allowing greater range of motion b. was a more efficient digestive system c. allowed cephalization and the formation of a cerebral ganglion d. the lophotrochozoans are monophyletic d. the lophotrochozoans are monophyletic **The protostome developmental sequence arose just once in evolutionary history, resulting in two main subgroups- Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa. What does this finding suggest? a. these two subgroups have a common ancestor that was a deuterostome b. the protostomes are a polyphyletic group c. division of these two groups occurred after the protostome developmental sequence appeared d. the lophotrochozoans are monophyletic d. the lophotrochozoans are monophyletic