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NAVLE Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

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NAVLE Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct Xylitol toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- rapid release of insulin = monitor for HYPOGLYCEMIA - high ALT = SAME, ursodiol, N-acetylcysteine, milk thistle Bleach toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- dilute stomach w/ MILK - DO NOT induce emesis - GI protectants Black...

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  • August 9, 2024
  • 108
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • NAVLE
  • NAVLE
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NAVLE Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct
Xylitol toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- rapid release of insulin = monitor for HYPOGLYCEMIA




- high ALT = SAME, ursodiol, N-acetylcysteine, milk thistle




Bleach toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- dilute stomach w/ MILK




- DO NOT induce emesis



- GI protectants




Black widow spiders CORRECT ANSWER-- latrodectus mactans, L. Hesperus




- ACh is the toxin that binds to Ca channels = ascending motor paralysis and destruction of
peripheral nerves



- signs = recumbent, vocalizing, pain, rigidity w/ muscle spasms




- death from resp/cardio failure




Warfarin toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- ANTICOAGULANT = clotting factors II, VII, IX, X




- signs = 12-16 hrs, slowly developing; PT prolonged soonest after ingestion

, NAVLE Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

- give vit. K1 for 3-4 wks (if chronic give plasma too) = do NOT give vit. K1 to horses
(nephrotoxic; only plasma)



- most common site of hemorrhage = thoracic cavity




- spontaneous bleeding below 45 (or 25K) platelets




- platelets < 10,000 = IMTP, DIC



- diagnosis = PIVKA




Brodifacoum toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- D-con rodenticide




- inhibits epoxide reductase (loss of Vit. K)




- give vit. K and monitor PT




Bromethalin toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- seizures




- low dose = paralysis

, NAVLE Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct
- high dose = convulsions




Cholecalciferol toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- converted to active Vit. D = increased
resorption of calcium and gut absorption



- can lead to fatal hypercalcemia + hyperphosphatemia = tissue mineralization




- tx = phosphate binders (aluminum hydroxide, bisphosphonates, fluids (NaCl)),
prednisone/prednisolone (decrease osteoclastic activity)




- DO NOT give sulfa drugs = potentiate toxicity



- human Vit. D supplements are high in Ca and P!




Strychnine toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-tetanic seizures




Zinc oxide CORRECT ANSWER-- gas




- decontaminate = don't breathe in!




Ethylene glycol CORRECT ANSWER-- always isosthenuric in stage 1/2 = ethanol (osmotic
diuretic)

, NAVLE Exam Questions and Answers 100% Correct

- crystals don't tell you about stage = present all the time



- stage 1 = ethanol, acidosis (CNS depression, V/D, ataxia, severe metabolic acidosis)




- stage 2 = less depression, still acidotic, tachypnea



- stage 3 = azotemia, casts, protein in urine --> treat renal dz




- dx = high anion gap, azotemia, calcium oxalate crystalluria, metabolic acidosis, hyperglycemia,
PU/PD or oliguria, hypocalcemia




- tx = aimed at alcohol dehydrogenase - give 4-methylpyrazole (4-MP, fomepazole) --> effective
6-8 hrs post ingestion (best within 3); DOES NOT WORK ON CATS; ethanol competes




Organophosphate toxicity CORRECT ANSWER-- inhibit acetylcholinesterase = muscarinic
signs



- DUMBSLED




- tx = atropine or 2-PAM

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