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What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-deliver each breath over about 1 sec What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? - CORRECT ANSWER-may increase when dissolved oxygen is incre...

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  • August 9, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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PALS 2021, ALL PALS Exam Questions
With fully Worked-Out Solutions

What is the most appropriate precautionary action to minimize gastric inflation during
bag-mask ventilation? - CORRECT ANSWER-deliver each breath over about 1 sec



What happens to the arterial oxygen level in a child with severe anemia? - CORRECT
ANSWER-may increase when dissolved oxygen is increased



The evaluate-identify-intervene sequence should be continued until - CORRECT
ANSWER-the child is stable



How can the CPR coach improve CPR quality in a resuscitation event? - CORRECT
ANSWER-Coach to midrange targets



Which is true of increased carbon dioxide tension in arterial blood? - CORRECT
ANSWER-may be caused by disordered control of breathing



which of the following statements about respiratory failure is true? - CORRECT
ANSWER-may occur without signs of respiratory distress



which is most likely to present in a child who has respiratory distress (not respiratory
failure)? - CORRECT ANSWER-ability to maintain patent airway



which of the following is required to appropriately ventilate a child with a flow-inflating
bag? - CORRECT ANSWER-tidal volume needs to be delivered at the correct rate



what should be checked to ensure proper function of a bag-mask system? - CORRECT
ANSWER-the pop-off valve can be closed

oxygen tubing is connected to the device and the oxygen source

,what element of team dynamics describes when a team member needs to correct
actions? - CORRECT ANSWER-constructive intervention



when may pulse oximetry be inaccurate? - CORRECT ANSWER-the displayed heart
rate does not correlate with the child's heart rate



a chest compression fraction of at least 60% is recommended, and a goal of 80% is
often achievable with good teamwork - CORRECT ANSWER-60%, 80%



what is the first step for an intubated child whose condition deteriorates? - CORRECT
ANSWER-support oxygenation and ventilation



what are the common cause of upper airway obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWER-
airway swelling

thick secretions

tonsillar hypertrophy (airway swelling)



which anatomical features may contribute to upper airway obstruction in infants? -
CORRECT ANSWER-large tongue

large occiput



what are the signs of upper airway obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWER-stridor

use of accessory muscles



which diagnosis may present with upper airway obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWER-
foreign body obstruction

epiglottitis

croup



in a less severe case of upper airway obstruction in a child, what intervention can
relieve obstruction caused by the tongue? - CORRECT ANSWER-insert an oral airway

,a child presents with a barking cough, good air entry during auscultation, a pulse
oximetry reading of 93% on room air, and retractions at rest.

what is the severity of the child's presentation? - CORRECT ANSWER-moderate croup



an 8 month old boy is brought to the hospital by his parents. He has a hoarse cry and
barking cough. His mother says that during the night, her son had difficulty breathing,
which has progressively worsened throughout the day.

the infant most likely has what type of respiratory emergency? - CORRECT ANSWER-
Upper airway obstruction



according to the systematic approach algorithm, what are the correct assessments to
perform during the evaluation phase? - CORRECT ANSWER-initial, primary, secondary



the infant is responsive and is breathing.

what is an initial measure that you can perform to maintain his airway? - CORRECT
ANSWER-sit him up



what are the components of breathing assessment? - CORRECT ANSWER-lung and
airway sounds

chest expansion and air movement

oxygen saturation

respiratory rate

respiratory effort



when calculating the tube size based on the child's age, to avoid injury to the subglottic
area, you should use an endotracheal tube that is: - CORRECT ANSWER-half a size
smaller than predicted for the child



how do infants initially respond to lower airway obstruction? - CORRECT ANSWER-
decreased interpleural pressure



the anticipated results of the nebulized treatment should include which of the following
improvements in the patient? - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased bronchoconstriction

, decreased respiratory effort

decreased airway edema



if the patient does not improve with medication, what is your next intervention to ensure
oxygenation? - CORRECT ANSWER-noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation



what are the characteristics of shock? - CORRECT ANSWER-decreased level of
consciousness

inadequate peripheral perfusion

decreased end-organ perfusion



what will occur if adequate oxygen delivery to the tissues is not mainatined? -
CORRECT ANSWER-organ dysfunction



what are the major functions of the cardiopulmonary system? - CORRECT ANSWER-
deliver oxygen to body tissues

removes metabolic by-products of cellular metabolism



As more time passes between the onset of signs of shock and the restoration of
adequate oxygen delivery and organ perfusion, the outcome is worse - CORRECT
ANSWER-worse



for general shock management, administer an isotonic crystalloid bolus of 20 mL/kg
over 5 to 20 min - CORRECT ANSWER-20 mL/kg over 5 to 20 min



what best assess a child's response to each fluid bolus? - CORRECT ANSWER-vital
signs

physical examination

urinary output



the patient still has a bp of 58/38 mm Hg. Her condition would be classified as
hypotensive shock - CORRECT ANSWER-other answer: compensated

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