Population-Based Nursing Concepts and
Competencies for Advanced Practice 3rd Edition
Curley Vitale 2024
Case Fatality - Number of deaths due to specific cause within a population.
Can compare numbers to a previous year.
Mortality:
Infant mortality - Number of deaths from before 1 year of age in a year per number of
live births in the same year.
Useful gauge of the population as a whole.
Attack Table - Used in food-borne illnesses to identify offending food source.
Helps form an association to a possible cause.
List food products- determine percentages of those eating food who become ill.
Communicable Disease and Food Born Illnesses -
Communicable Disease - Illness that is caused by an infectious agent by transmission
of that agent from a person, animal or inanimate reservoir to an infected host.
60% increase in deaths from infectious diseases since 1980. The primary cause is drug
resistance.
Disease Surveillance - The systematic collection and analysis of specific health data for
use in public health.
Purpose is monitoring and improving health. We also assess the status of public health
and plan programs as well as evaluate interventions.
Uses of Disease Surveillance - Estimate magnitude of problems.
Determine geographic distribution.
Detect epidemics and define problems.
, Monitor changes in infectious agents.
Evaluate control measures.
Data Sources - Mortality and morbidity reports.
Notifiable disease reports both state and federal.
Nurses and other public health workers required to report specific diseases.
Working with health care providers in the community
Investigation of case reports
Identify factors that contribute to disease outbreaks and occurrences.
Communicating with populations about disease risk and preventative measures.
Reporting - Who: Physician, nurse, dentist, medical examiner, health care practitioner,
administrator of health care facility or laboratory, public/private school administrator, lab
professional.
How: Local Health Department who then reports to the state.
Privacy: Maintained, goal is for the greater good of the population.
Contact Tracing - The public health nurse (PHN) needs to notify all persons who may be
associated with an outbreak to prevent spread throughout the community.
Requires tact, good critical thinking skills, the ability to not personalize anger or insults
and a clear focus on the goal of keeping a community free of disease.
Partner Notification - Occurs in conjunction with population level interventions aimed at
controlling disease.
Confidential notification and identification of exposed persons.
Clients are encouraged to notify partners and close contacts.
If client prefers not to do this, then nurse visits or call to encourage contact testing.
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