Compared with adults, children have:
A. A longer, wide, funnel shaped airway
B. A less pliable, calcified skeleton
C. Lower incidence of bony injury with neurogenic shock
D. A relatively smaller head and larger jaw
E. Anterior displacement of C5 and C6
~~ B. A less pliable, calcified skeleton...
Which of the following is the recommended Method for trestemt frostbite?
A. Vasodilators
B. Anticigulants
C. Warm (40 degrees) water
D. Padding and elevation
E. Application of heat from a hairdryer
✓✓~~ C. Warm (40 degrees) water
Which of the following physical findings suggest a cause of hypotension other than
spinal cord injury?
A. Prispism
B. Bradycardia
C. Diaphragmatic breathing
D. Presence of deep tendon reflexes
E. Ability to flex forearms but not extend them
✓✓~~ D. Presence of deep tendon reflexes. Spinal shock refers to loss of muscle toe
(flaccidty) and loss of reflexes.
,The primary indication for transferring A patient to a higher level trauma center is:
A. Unavailibility of surgeon or operating staff
B. Multiple system injuries, including severe head injury
C. Resource limitations as determined by the transferring doctor
D. Resource limitations as determined by the hospital administration
E. Widened mediastinum on chest x-ray following blunt trauma
✓✓~~ C. Resource limitations as determined by the transferring doctor (MÅ SJEKKES)
A young man sustains a rifle wound to the mid-abdomen. He is brought promptly to
the ED by prehospital personnel. His skin is cool and diaphoretic, and his systolic
blood pressure is 58mmHg. Warmed crystalloid fluids are initiated without
improvement in his vital signs. The next, most appropriate, step is to perform:
A. a laparotomy
B. An abdominal CT-scan
C. Diagnostic laparoscopy
D. Abdominal ultrasonography
E. A diagnostic peritoneal lavage
✓✓~~ A. Laparotomy because of hemodynamic abnormality
A 42-year-old man is trapped from the waist down beneath his overturned tractor for
several hours before medical assistance arrives. He is awake and alert until just
before arriving in the ED. He is now unconscious and responds only to painful stimuli
,by moaning. His pupils are 3mm in diameter and symmetrically reactive to light.
Prehospital personnel indicate that they have not seen the patient move either of his
lower extremities. On examination in the ED, no movement of his lower extremities
are detected, even in response to painful stimuli. The most likely cause for this
finding is:
A. An epidural hematoma
B. A pelvic fracture
C. Central cord syndrome
D. Intracerebral hemorrhage
E. Bilateral compartment syndrome
✓✓~~ MÅ SJEKKES
A 6-year-o boy is struck by an automobile and brought to the ED. He is lethargic, but
withdraws purposefully from painful stimuli. His blood pressure is 90mmHg systolic,
heart rate 140 beats per minute and his respiratory rate is 36 breaths per minute.
The preferred route of venous access in this patient is:
A. Percutaneous femoral vein cannulation
B. Cutdown on the saphenous vein at the ankle
C. Intraosseous catheter placement in the proximal tibia
D. Percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities
E. Central venous access via the subclavian or internal jugular vein
, ✓✓~~ D. Percutaneous peripheral veins in the upper extremities
A young man sustains a gunshot wound to the abdomen and is brought promptly to
the ED by prehospital personnel. His skin is cool and diaphoretic, and he is
confused. His pulse is thready and his femoral pulse is only weakly palpable. The
definitive treatment in managing this patient is to:
A. Administer O-negative blood
B. Apply external warming devices
C. Control internal hemorrhage operatively
D. Apply a pneumatic antishock garment (PASG)
E. Infuse large volumes of intravenous crystalloid solutions.
✓✓~~ C. Control internal hemorrhage operatively
Regarding shock in the child, which of the following is FALSE?
A. Vital signs are age-related
B. Children have greater physiologic reserves than do adults
C. Tachycardia is the primary physiologic response to hypovolemia
D. The absolute volume of blood loss required to produce shock is the same as in
adults
E. An initial fluid bolus for resuscitation should approximate 20ml/kg Ringers Lactate
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