Pupil - a small opening where light centers called a pupil
Iris - which contracts and expands to adjust the amount of light entering the pupil
, lens - refracts (bends) the light so that it hits the retina
Retina - contains the photorecptor cells that send signals through the optic nerve to the brain.
Invertebrates lens - move back and forth to focus the image
Vertebrates lens - changes shape to focus the image
Chemorecptors - found in various locations depending on the type of an animal
Gustation - the ability to detect molecules present in solution called tastants
5 general types of tastants - sweet, sour, bitter, salty, unami
Papillae - bumps on the surface of the tongue
Taste buds - located in depressions surrounding the papillae; contain gustatory that detect sweet, salty,
bitter, sour, and umani tastes
Olfaction - the sense of smell; involves the detection of airborne molecules called odorants; odorant
molecules enter the nasal cavity and stimulate sensory cells located in the olfactory epithelium.
Functions of olfaction - communication among member of a species, detecting distant food sources,
repelling potential predators
Vertebrate Muscle types - cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, skeletal muscle; All contain actin and myosin
filaments that slide past each other during a muscle contraction
Skeletal muscle fibers - consist of a single cell; long and multinucleated
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