traits - distinguishing characteristics that are inherited
genetics - study of biological inheritance patterns and variation
why pea plants? - reproduce quickly, large number of offspring, easy to control how they mate, traits
with only two options
Mendel showed - traits are inherited as discrete units
histones - proteins; carry positive charges and bind negatively charged DNA in a specific conformation
Chromosome pairs - same gene or genes affecting the same traits at corresponding positions
Allele - same trait, different chromosome of homologous pair
dominant gene (A) - characteristic expressed in homozygous plant - AA, characteristic expressed in
heterozygous plant - Aa
recessive gene (a) - characteristic only expressed if both alleles are recessive - aa
Law of segregation - During gamete formation, the alleles for each gene segregate from each other so
that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.
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