A 4-month-old girl presents with two weeks of cough that includes severe coughing
episodes with associated cyanosis, respiratory distress, and post-tussive emesis. Her
mother and father both have upper respiratory infections. Which of the following is the
treatment of choice?
This child has symptoms of pertussis or whooping cough
Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic and is considered first-line therapy for the
treatment of pertussis
An 18-month-old girl presents to the office with a two-week history of sneezing,
rhinorrhea, and a low-grade fever. A few days ago, she developed a cough, which has
become progressively worse. Last night, her mother reports that her daughter had
multiple instances of intense coughing that lasted several minutes. After each episode,
the child seemed to have difficulty with inspiration, producing a very loud, high-pitched
"wheeze." Which of the following antibiotics is the preferred therapy for the suspected
condition?
This child has symptoms of pertussis or whooping cough
A 4-month-old infant presents with three days of cough and nasal congestion. Today,
the parents note that he has been breathing faster and harder. On examination, he is
tachypneic with moderate subcostal retractions and nasal flaring. He has diffuse
crackles and scattered expiratory wheezes. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Bronchiolitis
Community-acquired pneumonia
Foreign body aspiration
Status asthmaticus - Bronchiolitis
A 6-week-old term girl presents to the ED on a winter evening with a three-day history of
increased nasal congestion, difficulty sleeping, and difficulty breathing. She has slightly
decreased oral intake but is still producing plenty of wet and soiled diapers. She has no
, significant medical history, but she has two older siblings who have also had a mild cold
in the last week. Her vital signs on admission are: T 38.3, HR 128, RR 67, BP 90/51,
and her oxygen saturation on room air is 90%. On exam, the infant is fussy but
consolable, and in mild respiratory distress with moderate intercostal retractions. On
auscultation, decreased air movement with coarse rales are audible bilaterally, but no
wheezing is noted. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in
management?
Airway suctioning and supplemental oxygen
Albuterol breathing treatment
Chest X-ray
Intravenous methylprednisolone 1 mg/kg - Airway suctioning and supplemental oxygen
An 8-month-old boy is brought in by his mother for low-grade fever, wheezing, and mild
cough. He is otherwise healthy without any underlying pulmonary or cardiac disease.
His older brother was recently diagnosed with respiratory syncytial virus infection.
Which of the following practices can help prevent the development of severe disease in
this patient?
Administration of bronchodilators
Breastfeeding
Monthly palivizumab administration during the winter
Vitamin D supplementation - Breastfeeding
A 6-month-old boy is brought in by his mother due to increasing fussiness, poor feeding,
irritability, persistent crying, runny nose, nasal congestion, and a mild cough for the past
five days. Upon physical exam, he has a fever of 101.7°F, mild retractions, and diffuse
fine rales in all lung fields revealed on auscultation. His chest radiograph is
unremarkable. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 2-year-old boy presents to the clinic with a barking cough and voice hoarseness. On
exam, an inspiratory stridor is heard at rest and the patient has retractions. Vital signs
are T 99.6°F, HR 110 beats per minute, BP 116/76 mm Hg, RR 16 breaths per minute,
and oxygen saturation is 94% on room air. Which of the following is the recommended
treatment?
Amoxicillin and dexamethasone
Dexamethasone
Dexamethasone and nebulized epinephrine
Nebulized epinephrine - Dexamethasone and nebulized epinephrine
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