510 Finals questions Terms in this set (144) For what reasons does the APA Ethics Code in exist? Increase in professional activity and public visibility of its members before and after WW2. To protect rights and welfare of Psychologists and client/pati

510 Finals questions Terms in this set (144) For what reasons does the APA Ethics Code in exist? Increase in professional activity and public visibility of its members before and after WW2. To protect rights and welfare of Psychologists and client/patients. Increased awareness of psychology led to the creation of a code that would add validity and integrity to the field What method was first used as the format for developing the Ethics Code? Critical incident method. Involved asking the members of the APA to describe a situation they knew of first hand, in which a psychologist made a decision having ethical implications and to indicate the ethical issues involved. Describe the difference between aspirational, educational, and enforceable concerning the Ethics Code. Aspirational- composed of statements of broadly worded ideals and principles that do not attempt to define with any precision right and wrong behaviors. Educational- combines ethical principels with more explicit interpretations that can aid in professional decision making Enforceable- includes a set of standards that specifically describes behaviors required and proscribed by the profession and is designed to serve as a basis for adjudicating grievances. Describe what code helps protect psychologists from improper accusations? Standard 1.07, Improper complaints, prohibits filing an ethics complaint with reckless disregard for or willful ignorance of facts that would disprove the allegations. Please describe "duty to release" and "right to withhold" concerning test data. Duty to release- right of the client to receive health records and be a part of the "discovery process" Right to withhold- right of the psychologist not to release test data if he/she feels that the information may cause the client/patient harm Describe situations in which termination of therapy may be necessary. Reasonably clear that the client no longer needs the service, is not likely to benefit, or is being harmed by continued service. When psychologists are threatened or endangered by a client or another person with whom the client has a relationship. What is the difference between test data and test materials? Test data- raw and scaled scores, client responses to test questions or stimuli, and psychologists' notes and recordings concerning client statements and behavior during an examination. Also includes test materials or protocols if the psychologist wrote the client's responses, scores, or notes about behavior on the test protocol itself. Test materials- manuals, instrument, protocols, and test questions or stimuli that do not come under the definition of test data as defined in standard 9.04a What is the recommended first step when one learns of a fellow psychologist's practices being unethical? Bring it to their attention first and try to resolve it there before going to somebody higher. Attempt to resolve it informally by doing the above if a resolution appears appropriate and the confidentiality rights of a research participant, client, organizational client, or others are not violated. Are sexual relations with students ever acceptable in the field of psychology? No What does informed consent mean? Designed to ensure that people are provided with sufficient information to rationally and voluntarily decide whether they wish to participate in research or to receive psychological services. The primary means of ensuring the rights and welfare of those with whom psychologists work. 1) A complaint was filed against a clinical psychologist, a case was opened, and, in the charge letter, the clinical psychologist was asked to provide the APA Ethics Committee with comment and materials regarding the allegation. The clinical psychologist, in her comment, stated that she was unaware that her particular course of action was an ethical violation. Would the psychologist's lack of awareness that her course of action was an ethical violation be a good defense against the charge of unethical conduct? Why or why not? Lack of awareness or misunderstanding of an Ethical Standard is not itself a defense to a charge of unethical conduct 2) While waiting in line together to buy coffee at a local café during their lunch break, a clinical psychologist who works in the in-patient wing of a psychiatric hospital was talking with one of the on-site nurses about some of the hospital's new orderlies that were just hired. The clinical psychologist made a racist comment about one of the orderlies and said if it were up to him, he would have never hired the orderly in the first place based on his race. Is the clinical psychologist in violation of an ethical standard? Why or why not? The code does not apply to the purely private conduct of psychologists. However, To determine whether or not your personal actions are tilting toward your role as a psychologist you should ask yourself: Is my behavior linked to a role played by psychologists? Does my behavior, on its face, seem at least partially professional? Is there a high probability that I will affect those with whom I am working? Does the action threaten my professional credibility or the credibility of the discipline of psychology? 3) Why are modifiers, such as appropriate, potentially, to the extent feasible, as early as is feasible, attempt to, and relevant, included in many, if not most, of the ethical standards? The use of modifiers is necessary for standards that are written broadly to allow for professional judgment across a wide range of psychological activities and contexts 4) Standard 10.01a, Informed Consent to Therapy, requires psychologists to obtain informed consent from clients/patients as early as is feasible in the therapeutic relationship. Why is the phrase, as early as is feasible, included in this particular standard? What does this phrase add to the standard that it would otherwise not have? How would the standard be different if this phrase were not included? The phrase as early as is feasible provides decisional latitude when fully informed consent during an initial therapy session may not be possible or clinically appropriate 5) Standard 4.07, Use of Confidential Information for Didactic or other Purposes, prohibits psychologists from disclosing in public statements confidential and personally identifiable information about those with whom they work unless they have taken "reasonable steps to disguise the person or organization". Standard 2.05, Delegation of Work to Others, requires that psychologists who delegate work to employees, supervisees, research or teaching assistants, interpreters, or others take reasonable steps to authorize only those responsibilities that such persons can be expected to perform competently on the basis of their education, training, or experience, either independently or with the level of supervision being provided. Explain what is meant by reasonable in these two standards. Explain why the term, reasonable, is included in each of these standards. Reasonable - the "prevailing professional judgment of psychologists engaged in similar activities in similar circumstances, given the knowledge the psychologist had or should have had at the time." Standard 4.07- The term reasonable provides psychologists, clients, students, and research participants a professional standard against which to judge ethical behaviors. Despite stepts taken to ensure confidentiality, persns may recognize themselves or others may be privy to information not under the psychologist's control that leads to identification. Standard 2.05-The term reasonable also enables psychologists to launch a legitimate defense of their actions based on documentation of efforts and current best practices in the field 6) Albert, a psychologist, was hired by a court to determine whether a defendant in a trial was mentally capable of standing trial. Martha, a second psychologist, was hired by an education system to assess the IQs of children for advanced placement purposes. David, a third psychologist, was hired by a wealthy couple to provide private counseling to their nine-year old son, who has been diagnosed with social phobia, at their home. Who is the client in each of these cases and why? The term organizational client refers to an organization, representative of an organization, or other individual for whom a psychologist is providing consultation, organization or personnel evaluations, test development, research, forensic expertise, or other services that do not involve a treatment, intervention, or diagnostic professional relationship The combined term client/patient refers to individual persons to whom a psychologist is providing treatment, intervention, or assessment services 7) Steven, a clinical psychologist with a private practice in a small town, had a complaint filed against him by Susan, a previous client of his, who alleged that he included her as the subject of a case study in a book with eleven other case studies without her permission. Furthermore, Susan claims that several of her friends identified her as the client discussed in the case study, and they were the ones who brought it to her attention. Steven states that he thought he took reasonable steps to disguise her identity by altering her name, age, and physical appearance, and, since he thought nobody would be able to identify her as the client in the case study, there was no reason to attain her permission. The APA Ethics Committee reviewed the material and comments submitted by Steven and Susan regarding this case, and found that Steven did not make a reasonable attempt to acquire Susan's permission and did not take reasonable steps to disguise Susan's identity. What would be the likely sanction imposed on Steven in this case? Please explain your answer. A censure may be issued if the violation was of a kind likely to cause harm to another person, but the violation was not of a kind likely to cause substantial harm to another person or to the profession and was not otherwise of sufficient gravity as to warrant a more severe sanction 8) Generally, what should a psychologist do if he or she is in a situation where an Ethical Standard is in direct conflict with a law, regulation, or other governing legal authority? Psychologists must comply with the Ethics Code if it establishes a higher standard of conduct than is required by law. However, when an Ethical Standard is in direct conflict with law, regulations, or other governing legal authority, psychologists must make known their commitment to the Ethics Code and take steps to resolve the conflict in a responsible manner. If the conflict is not resolvable via such means, psychologists are permitted to adhere to the legal requirements but are urged to keep with basic principles of human rights 9) Teaching psychologists, such as Dr. Villatte, may be obligated to give a student a poor or failing grade. Which of the five general principles is reflected in this statement and why? Principle A: Beneficence and Nonmaleficence reflects psychologists' dual obligation to strive to do good and avoid doing harm. Psychologists are expected to minimize harms when they are unavoidable. In rightly practiced psychology, individuals may be harmed without being wronged. Psychologists should be vigilant of and guard against personal problems that could lead to exploitation 10) Standards requiring informed consent to research, assessment, and therapy reflect which of the five general principles more than the others and why? Principle E: Respect for People's Rights and Dignity reflects psychologists' obligation to be conscientious and protective of individuals' liberties and welfare. Psychologists respect the rights of individuals to privacy, confidentiality, and self-determination. Psychologists are aware of and respect cultural, individual, and role differences. Psychologists familiarize themselves with scientific and professional knowledge relevant to these differences. Psychologists are attentive to the circumstances of individuals who may have limited capacity for autonomous decision making 1. In the APA Ethics code Guide What is a virtue? a. A dispositional habit acquired through social interaction and professional education that provides psychologists with the skill set to apply the ideals and standards of the profession. 2. What are the three focal virtues for psychologists? Explain. a. Conscientiousness: motivated to do what is right because it is right b. Discernment: bring contextually and relationally sensitive insight judgment and understanding c. Prudence: Applying practical wisdom to ethical dilemmas 3. Which virtues are most associated with scientific decision making and research? a. Prudence b. Discretion c. Trustworthiness 4. What are the 5 General APA Ethics Code Principles? a. Beneficence and non-maleficence b. Fidelity and Responsibility c. Integrity d. Justice e. Respect for People's Rights and Dignity 5. What is the goal of familiarity with the Ethical Standards? a. To enable psychologists to engage in preventative action prior to engaging in there efforts pursuant to the avoidance of harms, injustices and violations of individual rights. 6. What is the ethical conception described by Deontology? a. Ethical decision making by applying universal morality to all ethical dilemmas. In this sense Deontology is an absolutist perspective of morality. Acting a certain way in a situation would always be the correct way. 7. How is Utilitarianism different from Deontology in regards to ethics? Give an Example. a. Utilitarianism places the results or consequences of actions above the overall universal principles of ethics. In this sense allowing deception in a psychology experiment would be accepted if there were substantial benefits for society or research. Deontology has stricter conditions where ethical decisions prescribe to a more stringent set of guidelines where the means do not necessarily justify the ends 8. Compare and contrast Communitarianism and Feminist Ethics. a. Feminist ethics focuses on personal relationships as opposed to the overall rights of the community. In feminist ethicality protecting close relationships, equality and set obligations is one of the most fundamental aspects of ethicality. Communitarianism attempts to fulfill the needs of the community at the time. In Communitarianism there are less moral absolutes and instead morality is judged and evaluated through the values of society. 9. What is Ethical Relativism? a. Ethical Relativism denies the existence of universal moral values that ethical problems are unique to each particular community. 10. Ethical Contextualism is a blending of what two moral approaches? Describe Ethical Contextualism. a. Ethical Absolutism and Ethical Relativism i. Ethical Contextualism assumes that there are some absolute moral principles that ought to be carried across the board 1. Explain how standard 1.02 is permissive? When resolving conflicts between ethics and law, and reasonable steps do not work. They are permitted to make a decision regarding whether to adhere to the code or the legal or regulatory authority except under circumstances that result in a violation of human rights. 2. Why does standard 1.02 not require compliance with the law? Have a duty to ethics code. Each ethics may be legally defensible in terms of moral principles. 3. In your own words, what does the term "reasonable steps" mean? Despite their best efforts, psychologists may not be in a position to ensure their requests to correct misuses are followed. 4. Explain how you, as a psychologist, would respond in the following scenario. Page 55. You handle employment testing for an organization and discoverer that the organization uses a test with no applicable documented validity for preemployment screening. Inform organization about the nature of the conflict and the ways in which policies or activities violate the ethics code, and they must take actions to resolve the conflict in a manner consistent with ethics code standards. 5. Briefly describe a situation when an informal resolution would be ideal Pg. 59 6. Under what circumstances would an informal resolution escalate to a formal report to APA? If the violation is not resolved, has the potential or has led to substantial harm. 7. What guidelines would you use to discern if a violation can be resolved informally? Standard 1.04 and 1.05, principle B: Fidelity and responsibility 8. Why is it important that an organization, such as the APA, demonstrate its ability to monitor itself? Promotes public confidence in the services of its members. 9. Failure to cooperate with the APA is a violation. Making a request for deferment of adjudication of pending the outcome of litigation also constitutes noncooperation. Is the italicized statement true? No 10. Now that the US is heavily involved in tracking terrorist activities, briefly talk about the roles psychologists are permitted and encouraged to fulfill in conjunction with government efforts? Psychologists should always test those with whom they work, including detainees, humanely. 1. When dealing with individual factors associated with individual clients, such as race, religion, age, etc., what does the standard on competence require? It requires that psychologists have or obtain special understanding and skills of the factors associated with these individual differences, as is required to remain competent. 2. According to the standard on competence that relates to individual differences such as age, race, religion, etc. there are 3 obligations to fulfill to remain competent. What are they? A) Familiarity with scientific knowledge regarding the issue(s) at hand B) Obtaining the appropriate skills for dealing with the issue(s) C) Knowing when to refrain and refer when obtaining appropriate skills is not possible 3. What conditions must be met for a psychologist without appropriate skills or training to provide mental health services, in the case that he or she is the only professional available? *this is not referring to emergency situations A) they must have prior training or experience in an area closely related to service needed B) the psychologist must take reasonable steps to obtain the knowledge needed 4. Under the standard of competence, what is the difference between clinical and forensic assessments Forensic evaluations assist the "trier of facts" (like judge, jury, etc.) to help determine the legal question at hand. Clinical evaluations are used as a way to help the client in the process of adjusting positively to life. 5. Under the standard dealing with competence, what are the appropriate steps to take to provide services in an emergency, such as the case of suicide, if one does not have appropriate training? One must first call emergency services, and then attempt to reach someone who has the appropriate skills in dealing with suicide attempts to help them guide you through the appropriate process of attempting to help. Once emergency services have arrived, you should cease intervention and allow them to take over. 6. What are some of the ways that a psychologist can maintain competence throughout their career? A psychologist can engage in independent study, continuing education courses, supervision, consultation, or formal post doctoral studies. 7. Under the standard of competence, what kinds of methods and opinions should a psychologist choose when giving scientific and/or professional judgments? Only those methods that are based in scientific and/or professional knowledge are the ones that a psychologist should choose. 8. In competently delegating work to others, what are the 3 reasonable steps a psychologist should take? A) Avoid delegating work to those with multiple relationships with the clients or patients B) Delegate work to only competent personnel in that area C) Continue to make sure that they are doing competent work 9. In the case of a psychologist who is dealing with serious personal problems outside his or her work setting, when should the psychologist decide to refrain from initiating a new work related activity? Of the psychologist's discretion, he/she should refrain from initiating a new work related activity when he/she realizes there is the substantial likelihood that the problem will prevent them from performing their work in a competent manner. 10. In the case of a psychologist dealing with personal problems outside of his or her work, when should the psychologist decide to limit, suspend, or terminate their already existing work related duties? After first becoming aware that their problems may interfere with their work related duties, the psychologist should take the appropriate measures, such as obtaining professional consultation or assistance, that can then help them determine if they should limit, suspend, or terminate their work. 1. Which of the following examples are considered to be a violation of standard 3.01 unfair discrimination? the director of a graduate program in psychology rejected a candidate for program admission because the candidate indicated he was a Muslim 2. A senior faculty member who places an arm around a student's shoulder during a discussion or who tells an off-color sexual joke offends a number of junior faculty. Explain how this can and can't be a violation of standard 3.02 sexual harassment. may not be in violation of this standard if such behavior is: uncharacteristic of the faculty member's usual conduct , if a reasonable person might interpret the behavior as inoffensive, and if there is reason to assume the psychologist neither is aware of nor has been told the behavior is offensive might be considered sexual harassment if the psychologist's behaviors reflected a: consistent pattern of sexual conduct during class or office hours, if such behaviors had led students to withdraw from the psychologist's class, or if students or other faculty had repeatedly told the psychologist about the discomfort 3. In the rightly practiced profession and science of psychology, harm is not always unethical or avoidable. List at least 3 legitimate activities that may lead to harm. a) giving low grades to students who perform poorly on exams; b) providing a valid diagnosis that prevents a client/patient from receiving disability insurance c) conducting personnel reviews that lead to an individual's termination of employment 4. A client with a fluctuating sense of reality coupled with strong romantic transference feelings for a treating psychologist misinterpreted two incidental encounters with his psychologist as planned romantic meetings. The client subsequently raised these incidents in a sexual misconduct complaint against the psychologist. What should a psychologist do? psychologists should always consider whether the particular nature of a profession relationship might lead to a client's /patient's misperceptions regarding an encounter therefore is is advisable to keep a record of those encounters. In this particular situation, having recorded notes immediately following those encounters would be effective evidence against the invalid accusations. 5. Why is it that in most instances treating clients/patients concurrently in individual and group therapy does not represent a multiple relationship? because the practitioner is working in a therapeutic role in both contexts and Standard 3.05 does not prohibit such practice. 6. Psychologists do not knowingly engage in behavior that is harassing or demeaning to persons with whom they interact in their work based on factors such as what? Name at least 5 age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, language, or socioeconomic status. 7. In all circumstances, psychologists must evaluate the extent to which accepting a referral can impair their objectivity and conduct of their work or lead to exploitation or harm. What is one way to address these issues to a client/patient? One way of addressing these issues is to clearly state to current patients the psychologist's policy of not accepting patient referrals and, if a situation arises requiring an immediate need for treatment, to provide a professional referral to another psychologist. 8. At a colleague's request, a psychologist agrees to administer a battery of tests to asses whether the colleague has adult attention deficit disorder. Why would such a multiple relationship be considered unethical? Such multiple relationships are often unethical because the preexisting relationship would reasonably be expected to impair the psychologist's objectivity and effectiveness. 9. Psychologists balance their ethical obligation to respect the dignity and autonomy of persons with mental disorders to make their own decisions with the obligation to ensure that ill-informed choices do not jeopardize their welfare or leave them open to exploitation. Thomas Grisso and Paul Appelbaum have developed the most well-known model of consent capacity. It consists of four increasingly complex consent components. What are those four components? (hint-was in your hot topic reading for chapter 6) Choice, understanding, appreciation, and reasoning. 1. Psychologists should refrain from taking on a professional role when personal, scientific, professional, legal, financial, or other interest or relationships may impair their competence or expose someone they have a professional relationship with is an example of which standard? 1. 3.06 Conflict of Interest 2. The APA Task Force on External Funding provides a detailed history of ? 2. Provides a detailed history of conflicts of interest in related fields and provides specific recommendations for psychology 3. Standard 3.07 requires psychologists at the outset of services to explain to both the third party and those individuals who will receive psychological services the nature of the psychologist's relationship with all individuals or organizations involved. This includes providing:______________, , and _. 3. Info about the role of the psychologist, identifying third party or the individual receiving the services is the client, who will receive the info about the services, and probable uses of info gained 4. A psychologist who requires employees to run a psychologist's personal errands is in violation of which standard? 4. 3.08 exploitative relationships 5. There is a certain population that must receive special treatment when obtaining informed consent. This includes prisoners and _. 5. Youth 6. When working with other professionals, psychologists are required to cooperate with them because this would serve _. 6. The client/patients most effectively 7. When obtaining informed consent, ______________, and must be taken into account and adapted for those who may not understand our language or culture. 7. Language and culture 8. _______ minors and minors are both types of minors that are considered adults in certain instances even if not of age to be considered an adult. 8. Emancipated minors and mature minors 9. In an instance that a psychologist is performing personality testing for a corporation as part of a pre-hiring screening, they must inform those who they are testing that the said corporation will receive the information but they will not. This is an example of Standard 3.11 _. 9. Psychological services delivered to or through organizations 10. In case of an interruption of services, a psychologist should _. 10. Make reasonable efforts to ensure needed service is continued 1. What should you do with audio, video, or digital recordings that are no longer in use? - Destroy the recordings, but you must make sure that the destruction does not interfere with any obligations such as the patient wanting to keep them for reference. 2. When working with an HMO or within an institution, what is your duty in terms of sharing a patient's information? - You should personally confirm that proper permission and paper work for sharing any confidential information has been completed in the appropriate manner. 3. Why should you discuss the limits of confidentiality with your patient? - Promising confidentiality without revealing its known limitations is a misrepresentation of fact that may violate a person's privacy and liberty. 4. What are the limits of confidentiality when working with persons legally incapable of consent? - This includes children and persons with limited cognitive capability. Practitioner psychologists should inform clients and their legal guardians about the nature of information that will be shared with guardians and others based on law, institutional or organization regulations, or the psychologist's policies regarding disclosure of child or adolescent health-compromising behaviors. 5. When can a psychologist decline a request to release confidential information? - This can happen if they feel that the release of information may cause harm to the client/patient 6. What are some disclosures mandated by law under Standard 4.05? - Duty-to-protect laws, school violence, and privileged communication, subpoenas, and court orders 7. What should a psychologist do when subpoenaed for privileged communications? - Psychologists are required to respond to a subpoena, but when it asks for privileged communications, psychologists cannot release confidential information without a signed client/patient release or authorization. A judge can waive client/patient privilege and legally require that mental records be released. Psychologists are required to release information when this happens, but they must inform the judge of their confidentiality obligations and request the limitation of information released. 8. What are some things that can be done to protect and disguise a client's identity in things such as case studies or lectures? - Name and location should be distinct from the real name and place. Psychologists should also consider changing the season or year of an event of modifying details of family composition and other social networks that are not essential to the didactic goal. 9. Why should psychologists consider balancing confidentiality between parents and children or adolescents? - Psychologists must consider practical issues like the parent withdrawing the child from therapy for lack of access to information or children's misuse of confidentiality as a weapon in their conflict with parents. Because of this, psychologists must anticipate and consistently reevaluate how they will balance confidentiality. 10. What are the steps a psychologist must take when disclosing confidential information in response to client/patient risk behavior? - Step 1: Assess and clinically address risk behaviors. - Step 2: Consider options if client/patient is unable or unwilling to terminate or reduce behaviors - Step 3: Prepare client/patient for disclosure - Step 4: Disclose information to parents. 1. What are three examples of examples of a public statement? Examples may include: paid or unpaid advertising, product endorsement, grant applications, licensing applications, other credentialing applications, brochures, printed matter, directory listings, personal resumes or curricula vitae, or comments for use in media such as print or electronic transmission, statements made in legal proceedings, lectures, and public oral presentations, and published materials. 2. A psychologist takes a local media employee to dinner at La Fonda's in order to encourage the media employee to provide news coverage regarding the psychologist's work, would this be a violation of the ethics code (Standard 5.02b)? Yes 3. Finish this statement as correctly as possible: As described by Standard 5.03, psychologists are responsible for materials relating to descriptions of workshops and non-degree-granting educational programs,_____________________________: c. to the degree to which they exercise control 4. According to Standard 5.04, when psychologists provide public advice or comment via print, Internet, or other electronic transmission, they take precautions to ensure that statements do what three things? 1.) are based on their professional knowledge, training, or experience in accord with appropriate psychological literature and practice 2.) are otherwise consistent with this Ethics Code 3.) do not indicate that a professional relationship has been established with the recipient 5. The Ethics Code cites two exceptions to Standard 5.06, what are these? "Psychologists do not engage, directly or through agents, in uninvited in-person solicitation of business from actual or potential therapy clients/patients or other persons who, because of their particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence..." 5. The Ethics Code cites two exceptions to Standard 5.06, what are these? "Psychologists do not engage, directly or through agents, in uninvited in-person solicitation of business from actual or potential therapy clients/patients or other persons who, because of their particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence..." 5. The Ethics Code cites two exceptions to Standard 5.06, what are these? "Psychologists do not engage, directly or through agents, in uninvited in-person solicitation of business from actual or potential therapy clients/patients or other persons who, because of their particular circumstances, are vulnerable to undue influence..." (Ch8) collateral treatment and disaster/community outreach 6. A psychology graduate professor makes changes to his/her course syllabi and does not inform students, is this a violation of Standard 7.03 (Accuracy in Teaching)? yes this would be a violation 7. Finish Standard 7.03b with the appropriate word(s):"When engaged in teaching or training, psychologists present psychological information _." d. accurately 8. When assessing student and supervisee performance, psychologists must establish a timely and specific process for providing feedback. True or False? True 9. A psychologist is supervising a graduate student and is pleased with his performance regarding the established requirements but learns that outside of their supervisory relationship, lives a wild/party lifestyle. The psychologist cannot keep this from clouding his supervisory evaluation and gives the graduate student poor feedback as a result. Is this a violation of Standard 7.06b ("Psychologists evaluate students and supervisees on the basis of their actual performance on relevant and established program requirements.") Yes Violations of Standard 7.07 regarding sexual relationships with students and supervisees will likely also violate what standard? Standard 3.05: Multiple relationships 1) If you run into a client outside of the office should you make a note of the contact? Why or why not? a. Yes, you should make a note of any unexpected contacts with clients outside of the office in order to help clear up any misconceptions of the therapeutic relationship. 2) How long does HIPPA and the APA say that you should keep client records? a. HIPPA- 6 years from date of creation, or from last date of visit, whichever is longer. APA- 7 years after the last visit for adults, and 3 years after a minor reaches the age of majority 3) If a client wants to have their PHI amended, and the psychologist agrees, how is the amendment handled? a. The psychologist attaches the amendment to the original record. The original is never altered. 4) What are 2 of the 5 ways psychologists can transfer records in the case of a planned or unplanned withdrawal from a position or practice? a. In person b. By mail c. Through the Internet d. Through private company networks e. By fax 5) A client has not paid for your services as agreed. You decide that you will use a collection agency to try and recoup your fees. What two things must you do before engaging the services of the collection agency? a. Inform the client that you plan on using a collection agency b. Give the client an opportunity to pay 6) When bartering with a client, what must you ensure? a. That compensation is fair to both the client and psychologist 7) How do psychotherapy notes meet HIPPA exemption requirements? a. They must be stored in a file separate from other health records 8) How long after your article is published in an APA journal do you have to keep the raw data? 5 years 9) What is the one thing you never disclose when sending a client's information to a collection agency? a. The client's diagnosis 10) Under FERPA, parents and students older than 18 or attending college have the right to inspect and review the student's educational records. Does this right extend to the school psychologist's psychotherapy notes No 1. What are the three general moral principles that reflect specific IRB requirements? Explain the meaning of each as it applies to research. 1. Principle A: Beneficence and NonmaleficenceResearch is designed to maximize benefits for science, humanity, and research participants to avoid or minimize risk or harm. Principle D: Justice Investigators must equitably select participants and that potential benefits and costs of research participation are fairly distributed among persons and diverse groups. Principle E: Respect for People's Rights and Dignity Informed consent and confidentiality procedures protect the autonomy and privacy rights of participants.