ASU HLTH 1020 Health
Anatomy Week 12 Lecture
Notes and Tutorials (Head)
University of South Australia
, Head and Cranial Nerves
HLTH 1020 WEEK 12 ‘Need to Know’ CHECKLIST
Identify the cranial bones:
- Cranial bones = bones that make up the skull and protect the brain. They include:
o Frontal bone
o Parietal bones (left and right)
o Temporal bones (left and right)
o Occipital bone
o Sphenoid bone
o Ethmoid bone
o Mandible bone
o Maxilla bone
o Nasal bone
o Lacrimal bone
o Zygomatic bone
o
Explain what sinuses are in the skull:
- Sinuses = air-filled spaces within certain bones of the skull.
o Are lined with a mucous membrane that helps produce mucus.
o Functions:
▪ Reducing the weight of the skull,
▪ Humidifying and filtering the air we breathe, and
▪ Enhancing the resonance of the voice.
- Major sinuses:
o Frontal sinuses,
o Maxillary sinuses,
o Ethmoid sinuses, and
o Sphenoid sinuses.
Describe the temporomandibular joint (TMJ):
- Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) = joint that connects the lower jaw (mandible) to the skull.
o Located just in front of the ear on each side of the head.
- Allows for the opening, closing, and sideways movement of the jaw, facilitating actions like
chewing, speaking, and yawning.
- Complex joint that involves a combination of hinge and sliding movements.
Describe the pterion:
- Pterion (“t” is SILENT) = a specific point on the side of the skull where four bones come
together (the frontal, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal bones.
o Located just above the level of the upper edge of the ear canal.
o Is a vulnerable area because the bones are thin at this point, and the middle meningeal
artery (major blood vessel) runs beneath it.
o Fractures or injuries to the pterion can lead to serious complications due to the potential
damage to the blood vessel.
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