, Topical anesthesia - Answer: The ability of an anesthetic to penetrate the axon membrane is
determined by
1. Molecular size
2. Lipid solubility
3. Degree of ionization at tissue ph
Lidocaine - Answer: Injectable, gels
Lido with epi to constrict blood flow and prolongs anesthesia and decrease risk of toxicity
Mu receptors - Answer: Responses to activation of these receptors include: analgesia, respiratory
depression, euphoria, sedation, and physical dependence
Most important receptors for opioids because they act primarily by activating mu receptors
Kappa receptors - Answer: Activation of these receptors can produce: analgesia and sedation
Kappa activation my underly psychotomimetic effects seen with certain opioids
Delta receptors - Answer: Generally opioids don't interact with these
Pure opioid agonists - Answer: Activate mu and kappa receptors
can produce analgesia, euphoria, sedation, respiratory depression, physical dependence, constipation,
and other effects
Morphine - Answer: Strong opioid agonist
Codeine - Answer: Moderate to string opioid agonist
If admined with pure opioid agonist, can antagonize analgesia caused by the pure agonist
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