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NURS 5334 Advanced Pharmacology Module 2 Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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NURS 5334 Advanced Pharmacology Module 2 Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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NURS 5334 AdvancedPharmacology Module 2
Exam Questions and
Complete Solutions
Graded A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,physiologic changes during pregnancy & drug impact - Answer: - 3rd trimester = renal blood doubles,
renal excretion accelerated
- tone and mobility of bowel decreases -> prolongation of drug effects
placental drug transfer - Answer: all drugs can cross the placenta, some cross more easily than others
adverse reactions during pregnancy - Answer: can adversely affect both pregnant pt and fetus
- heparin -> osteoporosis
- prostaglandins -> stimulate uterine contraction
- some pain relievers can be used during delivery can cause respiratory depression in baby
teratogenesis birth defects - Answer: gross malformations = cleft palate, clubfoot, hydrocephalus
neurobehavioral & metabolic anomalies
3 stages of teratogenesis development - Answer: 1. conception through week 2
2. embryonic period week 3-8 = gross malformations
3. fetal period week 9-delivery = functions disrupted w/ teratogen exposure
embryonic stages - Answer:
identification of teratogens - Answer: difficult to identify, 3 criteria must be met:
1. The agent must be present during the critical stage of development
2. The agent produces a particular pattern of birth defects in animal studies.
3. The agent crosses the placenta and there is a dose-response relationship.
responding to teratogen exposure - Answer: Determine when the drug was taken
, Determine when the pregnancy began
-Weeks 3-8 (organogenesis) is most crucial time
Determine type of malformation expected
Conduct 2 US and consult FDA to determine severity
how to decrease risk of drug effects during breastfeeding - Answer: - take drugs immediately after
breastfeeding
- avoid drugs w/ long half-lives
- choose drugs that tend to be excluded from milk, least likely to affect infant
- avoid hazardous drugs
pediatric response to drugs - Answer: - more sensitive to drugs
- greater individual variation
- sensitivity d/t organ system immaturity
- increased risk for adverse rxns
determining the intensity of duration of drug response in neonates & infants - Answer: - elevated drug
levels = more intense response
- delayed elimination = prolonged response
- immaturity of organs = risk for both^
comparison of plasma drug levels in adults and infants - Answer:
increased sensitivity in infants caused by immature state of... - Answer: absorption, protein binding of
drugs, BBB, hepatic metabolism, renal drug excretion
infant absorption: oral administration - Answer: prolonged and irregular gastric
adult function at 6-8 months
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