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Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Pharmacology 5334 Module 2 Exam Questions and Complete Solutions Graded A+
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Pharmacology 5334Module 2 Exam
Questions and Complete
Solutions Graded A+
Denning [Date] [Course title]
,Treatment of choice for oral therapy of UTI's - Answer: TMP/SMZ for 3 days; Nitrofurantoin for 5 days
Second line drugs for UTI - Answer: Ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin for 3 days
Nitrofurantoin - Answer: Urinary tract antiseptic
Nitrofurantoin uses - Answer: Lower UTI's; prophylaxis; recurrent lower UTI's. (not absorbed
systemically: cannot be used for anything in the kidneys)
Nitrofurantoin adverse effects - Answer: GI effects; pulmonary reactions; hematologic effects;
peripheral neuropathy (demyelination and nerve degeneration can occur and may be irreversible);
hepatotoxicity; birth defects
Methenamine - Answer: Decomposes to formaldehyde and ammonia; used for chronic lower UTI's;
contraindicated in renal and liver failure; drug interactions - urinary alkalinizers, which reduce effects,
sulfonamides pose risk for crystalluria
Acute cystitis treatment - Answer: Single dose therapy: fosfomycin; short-course therapy: TMP/SMZ for
3 days; conventional therapy: nitrofurantoin for 7 days
Acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis treatment - Answer: First line: TMP/SMZ, ciprofloxacin, and
levofloxacin for 10-14 days; second line: augmentin, cephalexin
Complicated UTI treatment - Answer: TMP/SMZ for 7-14 days, ciprofloxacin for 7-14 days, levofloxacin
for 5-14 days, augmentin for 7-14 days, cephalexin for 7-14 days
Recurrent UTI treatment - Answer: Prophylaxis with TMP/SMZ 3 times weekly for 6 months; TMP at
bedtime for 6 months; OR nitrofurantoin at bedtime for 6 months
Acute bacterial prostatitis treatment - Answer: -floxacins for 2-4 weeks
, Evaluation of drug sensitivity - Answer: Best done with sputum culture (takes up to 16 weeks for
results); drugs are chosen by patterns of drug resistance in the community and immunocompetence of
the patient; a new automated TB assay can identify sensitivity to rifampin in 2 hours and confirm the
presence of M. tuberculosis
Multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB) - Answer: Resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin
Extremely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) - Answer: Resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, all fluoroquinolones,
and at least one of the injectable second-line drugs
First line treatment of TB - Answer: Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. Rifapentine and
rifabutin are also considered to be first line
Two phases of TB treatment - Answer: Induction phase: lasts about 8 weeks, eliminate actively dividing
tubercle bacilli. Continuation phase: lasts from 18 weeks to 24 months, eliminate intracellular persisters
Drug sensitive TB treatment - Answer: 8 weeks induction of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and
ethambutol; continuation 18 weeks with isoniazid and rifampin
Isoniazid-resistant TB treatment - Answer: Rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 6 months
Rifampin-resistant TB treatment - Answer: Isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for 18-24 months
MDR-TB and XDR-TB treatment - Answer: 24 months with 2nd and 3rd line drugs; poor prognosis
Patients with TB plus HIV - Answer: More aggressive therapy required; minimum 6 months of
treatment; rifampin accelerates metabolism of antiretroviral therapy drugs and decreases their effects
Promoting drug adherence in TB patients - Answer: Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) - also allows for
ongoing assessment of clinical signs; intermittent dosing: 2-3 times/week
Latent TB tests - Answer: TB skin test; interferon Gamma Release Assays
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