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Sociology. Reasons for the Growth of NRMs & NAMs Questions and Answers
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Sociology. Reasons for the Growth of NRMs & NAMs
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Sociology. Reasons for the Growth ofNRMs & NAMs
Features of a CULT - answer--> Highly individualistic
--> Requires less commitment
--> Offers this worldly-benefits (Emerged in 1980s)
E.g. Scientology, TM
Features of a SECT - answer--> Hostile to wider society
--> Led by a charismatic leader
--> Claims a monopoly of truth
--> Small organisation
E.g. The Peoples Temple, The Moonies
Features of a World-accommodating NRM - answer--> Often breakaways from
mainstream churches or denominations
--> Neither accept nor reject the world
E.g. Neo-Pentecostals
Features of a World-rejecting NRM - answer--> Similar to sects
--> Religious with a notion of god
--> Often conservative moral codes
E.g. Heaven's gate
Features of a World-affirming NRM - answer--> No collective worship
--> Offers followers access to spiritual or supernatural powers to help 'improve' their
lives
E.g. Scientology
Features of NAM - answerHeelas:
--> Self-spirituality - Range of beliefs in which everyone becomes their own spiritual
specialist
E.g. Crystals, Yoga
, Why are marginal groups in society more likely to join sects? - answerSuch groups may
feel that they are disprivileged --> not receiving their economic rewards/Social status
E.g. Troschet's Sects --> attractive to those who are deprived
What does Weber mean by a 'theodicy of disprivilege' - answerA religious explanation
for their suffering and disadvantage
According to Wallis, why do some well-educated, young, middle-class whites join sects?
(Analysis) - answerBecause many of these individuals had become marginal to society
Relative Deprivation - answerWhen you feel like you got less of something than other
people
--> E.g. Someone who is in reality quite privileged can may still feel that they are
deprived
EXAMPLE: Rastafarianism in Africa (Caribbean communities in 1970s) --> seen as a
form of 'resistance to racism'
ANALYSIS: African Caribbean face higher levels of unemployment and most likely to
experience racism
Why might middle-class people feel spiritually deprived? (Analysis) - answerThey may
perceive as impersonal and lacking in moral value, emotional warmth or authenticity
According to Stark and Bainbridge, why do world-rejecting sects appeal to the
deprived? - answerThey argue it is the relatively deprived people who break way from
churches to from sects --> offers the rewards they are denied in this world
According to Wilson, why do sects emerge in periods of rapid social change? - answerIn
response to the uncertainty and insecurity that this creates --> those are most affected
by the disruption may turn to sects
According to Bruce, why do people join sects in response to secularisation? -
answerSociety is now secularised and therefore people are less attracted to traditional
churches --> demands too much commitment
Explain the reason for the growth in World Rejecting NRMs? - answerSocial changes
from the 1960s
--> impacting young people like the increased time spent in education
--> This gave them freedom from adult responsibilities and enabled a counter-culture to
develop
Explain the reason for the growth in World Affirming NRMs? - answerIn the period of
modernity
--> That work no longer provides meaning or a source of identity
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