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NR 293 CHAPTER 36 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR 293 CHAPTER 36 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
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NR 293 CHAPTER 36 QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
what treatments are used to treat the common cold and how is it treated? - ANSWER use of
antihistamines, nasal decongestants, antitussives, expectorants
treatment is SYMPTOMATIC (only symptoms) not curing
who is contraindicated from using cold medicines? - ANSWER children younger than 2yo
AE- oversedation, seizures, tachycardia, death
echinacea and goldenseal - ANSWER echinacea- used to reduce cold symptoms and recovery time when
taken early in illness. indication- stimulate immune system, antisepsis, treatment of viral infections, flu-
like respiratory tract infections, wound healing, prevention of cold
AE- vomiting, dizziness, headache, unpleasant taste
goldenseal- dried root of plant, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiprotozoal, anticholinergic,
antihistaminic activity
indications- used for upper respiratory infections, allergies, nasal congestion, GI, skin, opthalmic, and otic
condition
AE- GI distress, emotional instability, mucosal ulceration
how do antihistamines work? - ANSWER competes with histamines for binding to H1 and H2 receptors
H1- head, top
H2- Stomach
What is anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions) - ANSWER releases excessive amounts of histamine
this leads to constriction of smooth muscle (stomach and lungs)
, increase in body secretions
vasodilates and increases capillary permeability (movement of fluid out of BV and into tissues and drops
BP and edema)
What are histamines? what are antihistamines' drug properties? - ANSWER •Allergic rhinitis (e.g., hay
fever and mold, dust allergies)
•Anaphylaxis
•Angioedema (swelling of tongue, lips, and throat)
•Drug fevers
•Insect bite reactions
•Urticaria (itching)
properties-
antihistamine, anticholinergic, sedative
antihistamines MOA - ANSWER blocks histamines at H1 receptor sites , competes with histamine
(DOESNT PUSH HISTAMINE OFF IF ITS THERE)
prevents AE like vasodilation, increase GI/respiratory secretions, capillary permeability
GIVEN EARLY IN TREATMENT
what happens after giving antihistamines? - ANSWER reduces dilation of BV, increases permeability of BV
reduces salivary, gastric, lacrimal, and bronchial secretions
anticholinergic- •drying effect that reduces nasal, salivary, and lacrimal gland secretions (runny nose,
tearing, and itching eyes)
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