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BPK 241 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM CORRECT QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTION
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BPK 241 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM CORRECT QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE SOLUTION
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1|PageBPK 241 FINAL EXAM ACTUAL EXAM CORRECT
QUESTIONS WITH VERIFIED ANSWERS COMPLETE
SOLUTION
List the type/# vertebrae of the body - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>7
cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), coccyx
how many vertebrae are fused? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>9 (4 fuse
to form coccyx)
What are the curves in the spine? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>2
lordodic curves (Cervical and lumbar spine), 2 hypothic curves
(thoracic and sacrum)
list the features of the spine - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>body,
spinous process, lateral process (articulates with ribs, facet joints)
neural arch - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>opening in the middle of the
spine (where your spinal cord travels through)
what is everything on the back of your spine called? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>>posterior element, vertebral body
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What kind of capsule is contained within the joints of the spine? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>>synovial (fluid)
Where do the IV discs lie? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>between
vertebral bodies
function of vertebral discs? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>stability,
cushioning, shock absorbers
features of fibrocartilage - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>tough, strong
what is fibrocartilage called? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>annulus
fibrosus
what is the gel of the spine? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>nucleus
pulposus
Where does the fibrocartilaginous joint of the spine lie? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>>between discs and vertebral bodies
Mini joints of the Synovial joint of the spine? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>>facet joints (4 per vertebrae)
List the ligaments of the spine - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>anterior
and posterior longitudinal, ligamenta flava, intertransverse,
interspinous and supraspinous
Which ligaments of the spine connect vertebrae bodies? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>>anterior and posterior longitudinal
,3|Page
Which ligaments of the spine connect laminae, allows us to bend
forward - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>ligamenta flava (more elastic)
Which ligaments of the spine connect transverse processes? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>>intertransverse
Which ligaments of the spine connect spinous processes - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>>Interspinous & supraspinous ligaments (on tips of
spinous processes)
What is the muscle of the spine? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>erector
spinae
Flexion and extension of the spine use what vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>>cervical, thoracic, lumbar
Lateral flexion of the spine use what vertebrae? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>>cervical, thoracic, lumbar
rotation of the spine use what vertebrae? - CORRECT ANSWER
>>>>cervical and thoracic
nerves of spine called - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>dermatomes
deep layer of intrinsic back muscles of the spine called? - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>>Transversospinalis muscle group
What actions does the transverospinalis muscle group produce? -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>>lateral flexion, turn head and neck
opposite side, extension (fibres run superiorly and medially)
, 4|Page
Contralateral movement of the transverospinalis muscle group of
the spine occurs how? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>contralaterally - if
contract on right, will turn left
What other functions does the transverospinalis muscle group
allow us? - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Allow us to sit for long periods
of time, engaged during not very demanding work
Negative aspect of transverospinalis muscle group - CORRECT
ANSWER >>>>can cause low back pain to be reccurent
where nerve roots come out in between the spine (supplies
skin/muscle area) - CORRECT ANSWER >>>>Intervertebral foramen
__ nerve roots (for 7 vertebrae in cervical spine) ** special case -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>>8
Spinal cord ends at _____ nerve roots come down (horse's tail) -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>>L4/L5
Congenital predispositions
Previous trauma
Mechanical factors
Poor posture (lifting, bending)
Obesity (pulls gravity forward, ^ stress on spine)
Acute or repetitive trauma (e.g. cracks in vertebrae, pedicles) -
CORRECT ANSWER >>>>General considerations
of the spine causes
Pain, tenderness, spasm, restricted ROM
Neurologic SSx?
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