The Background of the Ottoman Decline – External Reasons
• The conditions in the Empire
• The Ottoman Empire expanded its lands and wealth through the war against the fragmented
European and Anatolian states at the beginning until the conquest of Istanbul in 1453.
• The storm of the Ot...
ATATURK’S PRINCIPLES AND HISTORY OF
TURKISH REVOLUTION
The Background of the Ottoman Decline –
External reasons
• Assoc. Prof. Ercan Karako
, The Background of the Ottoman Decline – External Reasons
• The conditions in the Empire
• The Ottoman Empire expanded its lands and wealth through the war against the f
European and Anatolian states at the beginning until the conquest of Istanbul in 1453.
• The storm of the Ottoman conquest reached at the doors of the Vienna in the West, Qa
East, Aden in the South and the Don River in the North.
• However, this expansion embodied many ethnic and religious groups into the Empire and
the Ottomans with strong and centralized states of Austria, Safevids and Russia.
• The economy of the Ottoman Empire depended mostly on the taxes on the agricultural
and domestic trade, spoils of the conquests and the tariffs on the international trade th
Spice and Silk Roads.
• Furthermore, controlling the Spice and Silk Roads enabled the Empire to tax the tr
merchants who conducted business between the East and the West.
• However, from the 15th Century, the Ottoman administration granted economic privileges
France and England regarding the trade and tax advantages (widely known as Capitu
prevent the empire from negative effects of geographical discoveries.
, • The conditions in Europe
• While the Ottoman Empire swept the Balkans and Central Europe; France and England
were going through the «Hundred Years War»; Germany and Italy were scattered by the
feudal principalities; Russia was struggling to unite the small principalities in the region.
• However, from the 15th century onwards, France and England constituted a central
government and started to increase their share in the world production and trade.
• Italy created a class of merchants and small city states such as Venice, Florence, Milan and
Genoa gained power and wealth through their Mediterranean trade with the East,
especially with the Muslims.
• Germany, despite its being fragmented, formed a mercantilist system and a merchant class.
• The emergence of a European merchant/capital class resulted in the Renaissance which
enabled the further developments in science.
• European scholars and artists created a basis for the Age of Discovery (geographical
discoveries) and the Industrial Revolution with their contributions in the navigation,
publication and industry.
• The Industrial Revolution marked the start of a new era for the world because of the
outstanding shift in production, transportation and the warfare.
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