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NUR1114 Exam Study Guide
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NUR1114 Exam Study GuideOrigin - Answer the fixed point of muscle attachment (i.e., bone does not move when the
muscle contracts)
Insertion - Answer moveable point of muscle attachment (i.e., bone moves when the
muscle contracts)
Axial skeleton - Answer Longitudinal axis of the body- includes bones of the skull,
vertebral column and rib cage
Appendicular skeleton - Answer Includes bones of the upper limbs, lower limbs shoulder
girdles, pelvic girdle
Long bones - Answer Long slender bones, have a shaft (diaphysis) & bone end
(epiphysis)
Short bones - Answer Small cube shaped bones & patella = sesamoid bone
Flat bones - Answer Thin, flat and often curved bones
Irregular bones - Answer Complex shaped bones
Osteoprogenitors - Answer stem cells that differentiate into osteoblasts
Osteoblasts - Answer bone "building" cells - produce & secrete & collagen fibers &
ground substance (matrix)
Osteoclasts - Answer bone "resorbing" cells that break down the matrix and release
stored minerals
Osteocytes - Answer mature bone cells that maintain the matrix
Compact bone - Answer Osseous tissue arranged into osteons & consists of- central
canal, concentric circles and osteocytes
Spongy bone - Answer Osseous tissue is arranged into an irregular lattice of thin
needle-like structures called trabeculae
Osteon - Answer Consists of central canal- blood vessels & nerves, concentric circles of
matrix and osteocytes
Trabeculae - Answer Orientated to resist forces from all directions and transfer weight
without breaking
Periosteum - Answer Outer connective tissue membrane
Endosteum - Answer Internal connective tissue membrane
Medullar cavity - Answer Contains bone marrow- makes blood cells and stores fat
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