Exam (elaborations)
MTTC ESL STUDY SET EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MTTC ESL STUDY SET EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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MTTC ESL STUDY SET1st stage of first-language aquisition - Answer -between 6-8 months
babbling stage
child makes repetitive patterns of sound with mouth
2nd stage of first-language aquisition - Answer -one-word stage
9-18 months
child makes basic word stems and single open-class words
3rd stage of first-language aquisition - Answer -two-word stage
18-24 months
child begins making miniature sentences with simple semantic relations
4th stage of first-language aquisition - Answer -early telegraph stage (multiword/morpheme stage)
24-30 months
child begins to express sentence structures with lexical rather than functional or grammatical
morphemes
5th stage of first-language aquisition - Answer -later multiword stage
30+ months
, characteristic grammatical or functional structures of the primary language emerge and are
incorporated
Behavioralist Model - Answer -B.F Skinner
-individuals learn language as direct response to stimuli
-patterns of language produce certain activities in external world and individual develops response to
those stimuli
-problems with this theory=
*creation of language is improvisionary
*linguistic response does not always elicit clear or recognizable rewards, which suggests it would be
difficult for a child to have his responses reinforced.
Nativist Model - Answer -Noam Chomsky
-attempts to explain how people are able to understand and produce infinite number of linguistic
expressions
-asserts that individuals are born w/ a universal grammar wired into their brains, which they use as a
template for language acquisition.
-principles of language are innate and parameters of each language are acquired in first few years of life.
-theory present in contemporary thought
Vygotsky - Answer -sociocultural theory states that learning begins as a result of interpersonal
communication and then is internalized as intrapersonal
-coined phrase "zone of proximal development"
(difference b/t what a person knows & what they could know w/ a bit of assistance from someone else)
Bronfenbrenner - Answer --his ecological model describes development in terms of four nested levels:
(1) microsystem
(child's immediate environment)
(2) mesosystem (interactions between components of the microsystem)
(3) exosystem (more general elements of child's environment)
(4) macrosystem (overarching cultural influences, like cultural beliefs)
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