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NUR1114 Nursing Week 4 Study Set Exam
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NUR1114 Nursing Week 4 Study SetExam
Intra - Answer inside
Inter - Answer inbetween
Solvent - Answer something that dissolves something else (water)
Solute - Answer dissolves within solvent (e.g. sugar in tea)
Tonicity/ Osmolarity - Answer concentration of solutes between 2 substances
Semipermeable - Answer lets some things through but not others
Electrolytes - Answer dissolved minerals
Active Transport - Answer movement of substances that requires energy (ATP), moving
against concentration gradient
What are the 3 major body fluid compartments? - Answer o Intracellular space
o Interstitial space (ECF)
o Intravascular space (ECF)
What are the 2 semi permeable barriers seperating the compartments? - Answer o
Capillary wall (separates the intravascular from interstitial)
o Cell membrane (separates intracellular from extracellular)
How does movement of fluid occur between compartments? (2) - Answer o Osmosis
o Filtration (hydrostatic and oncotic pressure)
How does movement of electrolytes occur (2) - Answer o Diffusion
o Active transport
Purpose of movement between compartments - Answer · The mechanisms maintain the
water balance between compartments
Abnormalities in intravascular space? (2) - Answer o Too little fluid- hypotension
o Too much fluid- hypertension
Abnormalities in interstitial space - Answer o Too little fluid- dehydration
o Too much fluid- oedema
, Abnormalities in intracellular fluid - Answer o Too little fluid- impairment of cell function
o Not enough fluid- cell could rupture
What are the 2 types of IV fluid? - Answer 1. colloids
2. crystalloids
IV fluid- colloids - Answer · Fluids that contain large proteins
· Given to inc oncotic pressure in intravascular space
o They will pull/ keep fluid in
o More volume will stay in which means less fluid is required for pt
· E.g. blood and plasma
· commonly used in resuscitation cause they don't easily cross the capillary membrane
· More risky- renal failure and anaphylaxis than w crystalloids
· contributes to plasma volume
IV fluids- crystalloids - Answer · more common
· They are water w electrolytes in them (e.g. Na+, K+) or sugars (e.g. glucose)
· Don't have proteins so they spread throughout all of ECF
· Are divided into tonicity (solute (electrolyte) concentration in fluid vs blood)
· Balanced solutions include anions (e.g. lactate)- too much can cause metabolic
alkalosis.
What are the 3 types of crystalloids (by tonicity) - Answer 1. isotonic
2. hypertonic
3. hypotonic
Crystalloid- isotonic - Answer - Same solute concentration as blood
- Uses- hypovolaemic shock (sepsis), isotonic dehydration (normal sodium levels but still
dehydrated)
- Also includes the balanced solutions
- E.g. Normal Saline 0.9% NaCl
Crystalloid- hypertonic - Answer - Solution has higher solute concentration than blood
- Will draw water out of cell
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