Lifespan Development Exam (Ch.1-19) UPDATED Exam Questions and CORRECT Answers
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Course
Lifespan Development
Institution
Lifespan Development
Lifespan Development Exam (Ch.1-19)
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER- -Orderly integrated set of statements found through
numerous studies
- widely accepted among scientific community
-describes, predicts, & explains behavior
Continuous vs. Discontinuous...
Lifespan Development Exam (Ch.1-19)
UPDATED Exam Questions and
CORRECT Answers
Theory - CORRECT ANSWER- -Orderly integrated set of statements found through
numerous studies
- widely accepted among scientific community
-describes, predicts, & explains behavior
Continuous vs. Discontinuous - CORRECT ANSWER- Gradual vs. abrupt stages
Universality vs. Context Specificity - CORRECT ANSWER- -similar from person to person
and from culture to culture vs.
-vary considerably depending on the social context?
Age-graded influences - CORRECT ANSWER- Related to age, predictable, milestones
History-graded influences - CORRECT ANSWER- -ex. wars, epidemics, technology
-Cohort= tend to be alike, set apart from other groups
Non-normative influences - CORRECT ANSWER- • Events that are irregular; unpredictable
Resilience/risk - CORRECT ANSWER- • Ability to adapt effectively in face of threats to
development
• Close relation w/ parent, community supports, etc.
Normative approach - CORRECT ANSWER- • Measures of behavior taken on large # of
individuals
• Age-related averages=typical
• Elaborate questionnaires
,Psychoanalytic perspective - CORRECT ANSWER- • Series of stages, conflict b/w biology
& social norms, determines ability to learn, get along w/ others, cope w/ anxiety
Erikson's psychosocial theory - CORRECT ANSWER- A set of principles that relates social
& cultural environment to personality & emotional development
operant conditioning - CORRECT ANSWER- reward or punishment for behavior ex. high
five
Social learning theory - CORRECT ANSWER- • Albert Bandura
• modeling/imitation/observational learning
• Important in development
• Gradually more selective in imitation
• Towards personal standards, self-efficacy
Piaget's Cognitive Developmental Theory - CORRECT ANSWER- -Children construct
knowledge as they manipulate & explore world
-Adaptation of schemes
-active construction of knowledge influenced by particular stage
-want equilibrium
- same sequence for everyone
sensorimotor - CORRECT ANSWER- birth-2, thought primarily based in action
,preoperational - CORRECT ANSWER- 2-7, thought becomes symbolic
concrete operational - CORRECT ANSWER- 7-11, logic can be applied in specific contexts
formal operational - CORRECT ANSWER- 11+, thought is abstract & hypothetical
Information processing - CORRECT ANSWER- -Human mind viewed as symbol-
manipulating system through which info flows (computer)
-Input then output (behavioral response)
-cognition
Developmental neuroscience - CORRECT ANSWER- • Brings together psych, bio, &
neurosci, Meds
• Relation b/w change in brain and developing person's cog processing and behavior patterns
• Electrical-recoding and imaging technique
Ethology - CORRECT ANSWER- • adaptive/survival value of behavior & evolutionary
history
• Konrad Lorenz & Niki Tinbergen
• Imprinting
• Critical period
• Sensitive period
-NOT about development
Evolutionary development - CORRECT ANSWER- -adaptive/survival as change w/ age
-FOCUSES on developmental aspect
Vygotsky's Sociocultural theory - CORRECT ANSWER- -focuses on culture & social
interaction contribute to learning and development
-Stagewise changes
- socially mediated/generations
, Brofenbrenner's Ecological systems theory - CORRECT ANSWER- -Urie Bronfenbrenner
-person=developing w/in complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of
surrounding enviro
-bidirectional, interdependent effects
Microsystem - CORRECT ANSWER- • Innermost
• people, groups, & institutions that most immediately & directly impact developing person
Mesosystem - CORRECT ANSWER- -Encompasses connections b/w microsystems
-ex. Academics depends on school and parents
Exosystem - CORRECT ANSWER- -Social settings w/o person but affect
-ex. Paid maternity leave helps parent, child
Macrosystem - CORRECT ANSWER- -Cultural values, laws, customs, resources
-Depend on country
Chronosystem - CORRECT ANSWER- -the temporal dimension-dynamic ever-changing
nature of person or changes in socio-historical circumstances over time
Naturalistic observation - CORRECT ANSWER- · Go into field/natural environment and
record behavior of interest; no manipulation
· Limit: not all same
Structured observations - CORRECT ANSWER- -Investigator sets up lab that evokes
behaviors equal opportunity, still just observing
Structured interviews - CORRECT ANSWER- · Each participant asked same questions in
same way, tests big group
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