reading focuses on LIO understood as the expression of justice
second order questions: “what is the proper framing within which to consider questions of justice?”
how does liberalsim misunderstand intl order?
LIO defenders have misunderstood the relational structure of the intl and the natur...
Sabaratnam and Laffey — complex
indebtedness
what is LIO?
reading focuses on LIO understood as the expression of justice
second order questions: “what is the proper framing within which to consider
questions of justice?”
how does liberalsim misunderstand intl order?
LIO defenders have misunderstood the relational structure of the intl and
the nature of organisations and connections → obstructs actual justice and
creates inadequate account of order
IDEAS:
liberal thought based on the social contract, characterised as:
egalitarian : everyone is equal
domestic: only relations within a state with territorial boundaries and defined
population
public: division between public and private realms with the latter governed by rules
around property
CRITICISM:
The Sexual Contract: women were subordinated in lib soc through
contracting (marriage) → patriarchal authority
challenge to egalitarianism: lib existed way before the hegemony and
played a huge role in defining and legitimating hierarchies of humans →
racialisation ,rendering in property rights and sovereignty.
differentiation to structure societies
challenge to domesticity: liberalism has always been about regulation and
reorganization of the intl sphere, about who can be governed through the promotion
of liberty and who must be governed through other means
settler/ imperial relations rather than being primarily about relations
within European societies that were then “projected” into the wider world
, → relations of political expansion; lib is used to justify conquest, territorial
acquisition, corporate freedoms, etc.
Mills’ epistemology of ignorance: denies and erases inequalities and forms of
violence and exploitation to preserve forms of social privilege
INSTITUTIONS:
democratic or liberal peace thesis
but in reality liberal states, through hierarchy and exclusion, have done bad shit
rather than restraining it
liberal judicial institutions have often upheld impunity for state agencies and the
privileged to reinforce hierarchy within the country (they go unchecked)
the colonial/ imperial constitution of these states has been a significant
factor in enabling forms of wealth creation, land ownership, welfare states
and forms of social dem to poorer white citizens → DOMESTIC
INSTITUTIONS are shaped by these colonial/ imperial relations
CRIT:
institutions are not functional spaces of reciprocal and equal cooperation but rather
tools that uphold hierarchy and identifiable continuities with empire
international order is hierarchical and asymmetric; LIO is hypocritical in that it
promotes the opposite but its very institutions serve the great powers and perpetuate
inequality
remnants of the old “standard of civilisation” still exist in the League of Nations and
the UN and such
even though there are delcarations of human rights, further reforms such as the New
International Economic Order that would have further empower formerly coonised
peoples were decisively blocked
the term become popular in the 1970s used to describe relations among core
capitalist countries
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