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Ch 13_ Vitamin and Mineral Replacement Questions &Exam (elaborations) answers 100% satisfaction guarantee

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  • August 11, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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STUVIA 2024/2025
Ch 13: Vitamin and Mineral Replacement
A child has ingested tablets of ferrous sulfate and has a serum iron level greater than 300 mcg/dL.
What is the nurse's priority goal of therapy?
a. Balancing fluids and electrolytes
b. Maintaining the blood pressure
c. Emptying the stomach contents
d. Reversing the metabolic acidosis - ✔✔ANS: B. Maintaining the blood pressure

Rationale: The nurse's priority goal should be maintaining the blood pressure because the patient is
likely to have hypotension as a result of the toxic effects and because blood pressure is one of the
three most important patient needs, along with airway and breathing.

A child is brought to the emergency department after ingesting a grandparent's warfarin (Coumadin)
tablets. The nurse will anticipate administering which form of vitamin K?
a. K1 (phytonadione)
b. K2 (menaquinone)
c. K3 (menadione)
d. K4 (menadiol) - ✔✔ANS: A
%


Rationale: For oral anticoagulant overdose, vitamin K1 is the only vitamin K form available for
therapeutic use and is most effective in preventing hemorrhage.

A female patient has a history of heavy menstrual periods and has received treatment in the past for
iron deficiency anemia. She would like to take ferrous sulfate prophylactically to avoid future
programs. Which of the following is the recommended dose of ferrous sulfate for prophylactic use?
a. 600 mg BID.
b. 400 mcg/day.
c. 300-324 mg/day.
d. 5-20 mg/day. - ✔✔ANS: A

Rationale: Iron supplementation of 300 to 324 mg/day is correct for prophylactic supplementation.
Higher doses, such as 600 mg/day are used to treat existing iron-deficiency anemia. 400 mcg/day is
an appropriate dose for folic acid supplementation. A normal diet contains 5-20 mg of iron per day.

A female patient tells the nurse that she takes calcium citrate 600 mg and vitamin D 200 mg daily.
Which action should the nurse implement to prevent toxicity?
a. Monitoring serum ionized calcium
b. Totaling the daily vitamin D intake
c. Monitoring the creatinine clearance


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, STUVIA 2024/2025
d. Assessing for muscular irritability - ✔✔ANS: B. Totaling the daily vitamin D intake

Rationale: To help prevent toxicity, the nurse totals the patient's daily vitamin D and calcium intake
and compare the totals to recommendations from the Dietary Reference Intakes. If the patient is
taking an excessive amount of either supplement, the nurse instructs the patient to adjust her intake
to meet current recommendations.

A parent calls the nurse to report that a 5-year-old child has taken five children's vitamins. Which
action will the nurse take first?
a. Ask whether the vitamins contain iron.
b. Reassure the parent that over-the-counter vitamins are not toxic.
c. Recommend that the parent take the child to the emergency department (ED).
d. Tell the parent to watch for tarry stools and report them immediately. - ✔✔ANS: A

Rationale: Iron toxicity is a serious cause of poisoning in children, and as few as 10 to 12 tablets of
ferrous sulfate can be fatal within 12 to 48 hours. The nurse should first determine whether the
vitamins contain iron. If so, the family should take the child to the ED.

A patient asks the nurse about whether it is necessary to take vitamin supplements. The patient is a
26-year-old female who is contemplating pregnancy. The nurse will recommend which supplement?
%

a. Calcium and vitamin D
b. Folic acid (folate)
c. Iron
d. Vitamin C - ✔✔ANS: B

Rationale: Folic acid deficiency during the first trimester of pregnancy can affect the development of
the central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus, so women of childbearing age are encouraged to take
folic acid. Other supplements are not necessary with a well-balanced diet unless a deficiency is
noted.

A patient has vitamin K deficiency. Which plasma protein should the nurse monitor to confirm the
deficiency?
a. Lipoprotein
b. Globulin
c. Prothrombin
d. Albumin - ✔✔ANS: C. Prothrombin

Rationale: Because vitamin K is critical in the hepatic synthesis of clotting factors, the nurse monitors
the patient for a deficiency of prothrombin by analyzing the serum prothrombin level.



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