this Organic Chemistry I document focuses on the structure, properties, and reactions of carbon-based molecules. It introduces key concepts like functional groups, stereochemistry, and reaction mechanisms, emphasizing how molecular structure influences chemical behavior. Students also learn about n...
I Carbon atoms are filled with
hydrogen coms)
Chy-mothane Cety- CHz-CH3
>
GH4 -CHz-C He
one carbon alkame H
H
I H- H
C Hy >
- ethano -
C3Hg >
-
Propane
n -
4 -
c -
H c
It i
-
#
C alkens b Alkyes
are know as
H ↓ unsaturated
Cuttio Butane
alkenes : compounds
Alkanes :
Contain at least one bus they don't contain
Citiz Spentane
do not contain double bonds double bond the max # at It atoms
26H , p3 Hexane "ethene" Per latums
CeHz -CH -
CH
GHist Heptand Alkanes are known as
"ethyne" saturated compounds
C H - Octalie Alkyne
CFC
18
/
Cleo -
> nonane H
Cottez >
- decane
, 1 54 i
=
1 54 Om or . 133 P l
Pico ungstone
c > Formal
c change
-
Long bonds
that short bunds -
is
longer
calculate the FC at these
compounds
Sand strength # H
neutral
H
nC
I I I
c c = (= ) ⑪
c
CQ
-
H H- c H C :
Strongest
- -
weakest
mane
Sigma (0)
and Pi(#) bonds carbocation
I H radical
it carbanion
H odd# of elections
anion
cation = radical
all single bonds are G bunds Fc =
Ve-(Bonds + dots)
C -
C c = C =C fc = 4 -
(3 +
0) =
1
10 10 1T , 10 ,
2π
double bonds
Fc = 4 -
(3 +
1) = 0
triphe bonds
fc (3 2) 1
=
contain 10 and 4
-
contain 10 and = - +
1 T
2π
Sigma bond is stronger than one of the Pi bond What is the FC of the sulfur atom Natom
OS It one bond compara to al bend ⑪
CHz-
Hi
:
bond order (BO) H
= 6 (1 6)
=
+
=
-
C -
C c = C = C
B0 3 Fu 5 (4 + 0) =
1
BO
-
1 50
= =
= =
2
H
hybridization alter how many Bonding
C- j
4
↳
⑪
attackel
atoms H- henbondy electrons
-
:
H
It
⑳ I present
are
3
I
I &
-
Y
-
lone
ebondy
Pair
/
#
↓
e
H nonbondy
⑪ Bondy Electrons 8 4 bonds
=
=
H Non-bone's =
Ge =
3 lone pairs
-
What is the hybidizati of the carben atoms hilighted in
green
count # of atoms attached to carbon atom and I of love It
pairs has
4- Sp3
bes exponents add 33gp22-sp
up +o 4
what the
hybrichzetn
hybridizam
is
of this ben
at this bond Sp3
I ↓ /
#F-GCHSP-
↑
C
Es
S
i C-Hesp3-S
bas a ①
only to
need to determine the hybridizat of the atoms that are connected to these bonds
how many sigma Pi bands are in this compan
0: 6 = band has 2 bonds
T : 2 -
bend has 10
, CHCHe CH3 aldinide
Contains (= 0
H
&
-H Hy carbon
group
C C C H
C
- -
H-
- -
- ~
H
I
-
..
If! It
H
CHgCO2 CH3 CH3(CHebs COzH
Y
%
H
aldehyde
Ethano
alcohol
ethanal
* ↳
5 Carbon atoms
CHsOCH3
-4-0-C Pentanoc acd
CH3COCHy ethanoate
ester methyl
I
X
& H H zoxegen atoms
- and carbonyl
-
H
- -
-
H a
H - group methyl ethanoate
*
-
I
"
I
H
ether
atom btwn 2 corbun atums
Carbonyl
O
c o -
C
middle
-
keytone at chain
when
carbonyl group is in
dimethy
the ↳Propanone
-
3 Carbon
- -Lett
O
Ketone aldhycle
(CH3) CHOHCH3 (CH3)3CCHBrCHz(Hzl CHs
y
CH3 Br
It -C-c
OH I
i
I
Chy always at the end
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