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Extra help for organic chemistry 1 notes

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Course
CHEM230

Institution
Montclair State University

this Organic Chemistry I document focuses on the structure, properties, and reactions of carbon-based molecules. It introduces key concepts like functional groups, stereochemistry, and reaction mechanisms, emphasizing how molecular structure influences chemical behavior. Students also learn about n...

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Uploaded on August 11, 2024
Number of pages 41
Written in 2024/2025
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Dr. john berger
Contains All classes

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, Carbon like to form 4 bonds

group # :

Wenations
H C1
3 43
2
-

L
Li Be B
of Idealing
Na CI
Er
H20 :
0 directly bonded I
/ H when
It is
with
HY (H-
N ,
0 , 7) ?
H-bond ,

ox : lik of 8 elect rems

CH3 F
↓ U
4 .
8
When diff in electronegativity of 2 elements is 0 5
. or more

.
= :polar its considere to be polar
5
14 Bond Polarized enject

-
2.

C - H
I
-
2 1
-g -
Covalent
-
IOnk

NPbond H electrons are electrons
Shared , elections not shared but
#
,

non polar bony shared "equally
H-It transformed
nonpolar CB

Esnonpolar 2 1 4 0 Metals like to
:Ci
.

Na
.

H- F Polar CB + :

8 8
-

elections metal ↳ Ni give away their
electrons bas they're
Shared electropositive
h-Bond "unequally"
e
~ -e-
F low a 1 e
flow of 2e's

Akanes CnHen + 2 Na +: (ia - Nati :
cations anions
·

Saturated -
-
organic compounds F

I Carbon atoms are filled with
hydrogen coms)
Chy-mothane Cety- CHz-CH3
>
GH4 -CHz-C He
one carbon alkame H
H
I H- H
C Hy >
- ethano -

C3Hg >
-
Propane
n -

4 -

c -
H c

It i
-

#
C alkens b Alkyes
are know as

H ↓ unsaturated
Cuttio Butane
alkenes : compounds
Alkanes :
Contain at least one bus they don't contain
Citiz Spentane
do not contain double bonds double bond the max # at It atoms
26H , p3 Hexane "ethene" Per latums
CeHz -CH -

CH
GHist Heptand Alkanes are known as
"ethyne" saturated compounds
C H - Octalie Alkyne
CFC
18
/
Cleo -
> nonane H
Cottez >
- decane

, 1 54 i

=
1 54 Om or . 133 P l
Pico ungstone

c > Formal
c change
-

Long bonds
that short bunds -
is
longer
calculate the FC at these
compounds
Sand strength # H
neutral
H
nC
I I I
c c = (= ) ⑪
c
CQ
-

H H- c H C :
Strongest
- -

weakest
mane
Sigma (0)
and Pi(#) bonds carbocation
I H radical
it carbanion
H odd# of elections
anion
cation = radical

all single bonds are G bunds Fc =
Ve-(Bonds + dots)
C -
C c = C =C fc = 4 -

(3 +
0) =
1
10 10 1T , 10 ,
2π

double bonds
Fc = 4 -

(3 +
1) = 0
triphe bonds
fc (3 2) 1
=

contain 10 and 4
-

contain 10 and = - +

1 T
2π

Sigma bond is stronger than one of the Pi bond What is the FC of the sulfur atom Natom

OS It one bond compara to al bend ⑪
CHz-
Hi
:

bond order (BO) H
= 6 (1 6)
=
+
=
-

C -

C c = C = C
B0 3 Fu 5 (4 + 0) =
1
BO
-

1 50
= =
= =
2

H
hybridization alter how many Bonding
C- j
4
↳

⑪
attackel
atoms H- henbondy electrons

-
:

H
It
⑳ I present
are
3
I

I &
-
Y

-
lone
ebondy
Pair
/
#
↓
e
H nonbondy

⑪ Bondy Electrons 8 4 bonds
=
=

H Non-bone's =
Ge =
3 lone pairs
-

What is the hybidizati of the carben atoms hilighted in
green
count # of atoms attached to carbon atom and I of love It
pairs has

4- Sp3
bes exponents add 33gp22-sp
up +o 4

what the
hybrichzetn
hybridizam
is

of this ben
at this bond Sp3
I ↓ /

#F-GCHSP-
↑
C
Es
S
i C-Hesp3-S
bas a ①
only to
need to determine the hybridizat of the atoms that are connected to these bonds
how many sigma Pi bands are in this compan
0: 6 = band has 2 bonds
T : 2 -
bend has 10

, CHCHe CH3 aldinide
Contains (= 0
H
&
-H Hy carbon
group
C C C H
C
- -

H-
- -
- ~

H
I
-

..
If! It
H
CHgCO2 CH3 CH3(CHebs COzH
Y
%

H
aldehyde

Ethano
alcohol
ethanal
* ↳
5 Carbon atoms

CHsOCH3
-4-0-C Pentanoc acd

CH3COCHy ethanoate
ester methyl
I
X
& H H zoxegen atoms
- and carbonyl

-
H
- -
-

H a

H - group methyl ethanoate
*
-

I
"

I
H
ether
atom btwn 2 corbun atums
Carbonyl
O

c o -

C
middle
-

keytone at chain
when
carbonyl group is in

dimethy
the ↳Propanone
-

3 Carbon

- -Lett
O

Ketone aldhycle

(CH3) CHOHCH3 (CH3)3CCHBrCHz(Hzl CHs
y
CH3 Br

It -C-c
OH I
i

I

Chy always at the end

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