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Patho Exam 3 - Porth's Test Bank 6TH EDITION BANASIK
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Patho Exam 3 - Porth's Test Bank 6TH EDITION BANASIK
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Patho Exam #3 - Porth's Test BankWhich of the following statements best describes an aspect of the normal process of glucose
metabolism?
A) Blood glucose levels are primarily a result of the timing, quantity, and character of food
intake.
B) Ingested glucose that is not needed for cellular metabolism circulates in the blood until it is
taken up to meet cellular needs.
C) Blood glucose levels are kept in a steady state by selective excretion and re-uptake by the
kidneys.
D) Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
D) Glucose that exceeds metabolic needs is converted and stored by the liver.
A 30-year-old man with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes is aware of the multiple effects that insulin
has on his metabolism. Which of the following physiological processes are actions of insulin?
Select all that apply.
A) Increasing the metabolic needs of body cells
B) Promoting the breakdown of stored triglycerides
C) Facilitating triglyceride synthesis from glucose in fat cells
D) Inhibiting protein breakdown
E) Promoting glucose uptake by target cells
C) Facilitating triglyceride synthesis from glucose in fat cells
D) Inhibiting protein breakdown
E) Promoting glucose uptake by target cells
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While reviewing the role of glucagon in regard to regulation of blood glucose, the nurse knows
which of the following situations could lead to an inhibition of glucagon release?
,A) A sharp decrease in blood glucose concentration
B) Recent strenuous physical activity
C) Recent intake of large amounts of protein-rich food.
D) An increase in glucose levels.
D) An increase in glucose levels.
A 3-year-old girl has just been diagnosed with type 1A diabetes. Her parents are currently
receiving education from the diabetes education nurse. How can the nurse best explain to the
parents the etiology (cause) of their daughter's diabetes?
A) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her
pancreas that produce insulin."
B) "It's not known exactly why your daughter has completely stopped making insulin, and
treatment will consist of your rigidly controlling her diet."
C) "This tendency to produce insufficient amounts of insulin is likely something that she
inherited."
D) "Environmental and lifestyle factors are known to play a part in the fact that her pancreas
secretes and withholds insulin at the wrong times."
A) "The problem that underlies her diabetes is that her own body has destroyed the cells in her
pancreas that produce insulin."
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A 40-year-old man who is morbidly obese and leads a sedentary lifestyle has recently been
diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Which of the following aspects of the man's obesity likely
contributed to his new health problem?
A) The low metabolic needs of adipose tissue mimic a hypoglycemic state and suppress insulin
secretion.
B) Free fatty acids contribute to problems such as beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.
C) Fat tissue initiates glycogenolysis and reliance on glycogen release rather than metabolism
of free glucose.
D) Triglyceride deposits in the pancreas result in damage to beta cells.
B) Free fatty acids contribute to problems such as beta cell dysfunction and insulin resistance.
Following an oral glucose tolerance, a 36-year-old mother of four has been diagnosed with
gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a problem that was not present in any of her previous
pregnancies. What should her primary care provider tell her about this new health problem?
A) "This diabetes is unlikely to persist after you give birth, but the main risk is that your baby will
likely be born with diabetes."
B) "Your baby could become too large or have low blood sugars if we're not vigilant about
controlling your sugars."
C) "We'll monitor this closely and begin insulin therapy as soon as possible."
,D) "This is likely a result of your liver releasing too much fat, rather than your pancreas not
secreting insulin."
B) "Your baby could become too large or have low blood sugars if we're not vigilant about
controlling your sugars."
A woman with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes has been ordered a hemoglobin A1C test for the
first time by her primary care provider. The woman states, "I don't see why you want to test my
blood cells when its sugar that's the problem." What aspect of physiology will underlie the care
provider's response to the client?
A) The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over
the life of the cell.
B) Hemoglobin synthesis by the bone marrow is inversely proportionate to blood glucose levels,
with low A1C indicating hyperglycemia.
C) The high metabolic needs of red cells and their affinity for free glucose indicate the amount of
glucose that has been available over 6 to 12 weeks.
D) Insulin is a glucose receptor agonist on the hemoglobin molecule, and high glucose suggests
low insulin levels.
A) The amount of glucose attached to A1C cells reflects the average blood glucose levels over
the life of the cell.
A 46-year-old man who is obese has received news that he has type 2 diabetes. He is in the
process of determining a plan of care with an interdisciplinary team at a hospital-based diabetes
clinic. The nurse knows that the most likely treatment plan for the man will include
A) injectable insulin and nutrition management.
B) weight loss, glucose monitoring, and lifestyle modification.
C) continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and nutrition management.
D) oral antihyperglycemic medications and weight loss measures.
B) weight loss, glucose monitoring, and lifestyle modification.
During a lecture about medication therapy for type 2 diabetic patients, the pharmacology
instructor discusses side effects to monitor following subcutaneous injection of exenatide
(Byetta), a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist. Of the following list, which signs and
symptoms should the students be assessing in this patient? Select all that apply.
A) Nausea
B) Weight loss
C) Dizziness
D) Tachycardia
E) Dehydration
A) Nausea
B) Weight loss
, When educating a patient about glargine (Lantus), the nurse should explain that this medication
A) has a rapid onset and peaks in about 5 minutes after injection, so he will need to eat food
immediately after injection.
B) will have a peak effect within 30 minutes, so it can be taken after a meal.
C) is a combination with short-acting and intermediate-acting insulin, so it is safe to take anytime
throughout the day.
D) has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a relatively constant concentration for 12 to 24
hours.
D) has a prolonged absorption rate and provides a relatively constant concentration for 12 to 24
hours.
A woman with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes has been admitted to a hospital unit for the
treatment of ketoacidosis. Place the following events in the pathophysiology of ketoacidosis in
the correct chronological order. Use all the options.
A) Decrease in pH
B) Breakdown of triglycerides
C) Low serum insulin levels
D) Ketone production by the liver
E) Production of fatty acids and glycerol
C) Low serum insulin levels
B) Breakdown of triglycerides
E) Production of fatty acids and glycerol
D) Ketone production by the liver
A) Decrease in pH
A patient has been admitted with diabetic ketoacidosis. The emergency department starts an IV
to improve circulatory volume. If there is a sudden change in extracellular fluid osmolality that
results in a too rapid blood glucose lowering, the nurse will likely observe which of the following
clinical manifestations?
A) Chills, profuse sweating, weakness
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