BIO 114 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
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Course
BIO 114
Institution
BIO 114
Hypotheses specific, testable, rejectable statements
Theory when several related phenomena are identified a much larger concept is describe to explain them. A theory has a tremendous amount of evidence supporting the concept and patterns it describes
2 parts of theories pattern and process
Patte...
BIO 114 EXAM 1 PRACTICE QUESTIONS
AND CORRECT ANSWERS
Hypotheses ✅specific, testable, rejectable statements
Theory ✅when several related phenomena are identified a much larger concept is
describe to explain them.
A theory has a tremendous amount of evidence supporting the concept and patterns it
describes
2 parts of theories ✅pattern and process
Pattern (part 1 of a theory) ✅refers to general observations of repetition one sees
within a system
Process (part 2 of theory) ✅the mechanism or way in which the pattern occurs. There
are often several processes involved in an identified pattern.
Processes are divided into 2 processes/reasons: ✅proximate vs ultimate
Proximate processes ✅refers to that which occurs in the short-term
*usually measured in fractions of lifetimes
Ultimate processes ✅refers to a long timeframe
*usually most of a lifetime or more
Cell theory ✅all organisms are made of cells and all cells come from preexisting cells
*cell theory conclusion: if you trace a cell's lineage back far enough, you will conclude
that all cells are descended from a common ancestral cell
Evolutionary theory ✅all life, as we know it, is the product of evolutionary processes
Evolution ✅is the heritable change in population over time.
If certain heritable traits help individuals produce more offspring, then those traits
become more common in the population over time
Primary mechanism of evolution ✅natural selection
*natural selection acts on individuals, but evolutionary change affects only populations
Biological hierarchy ✅consists of: atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs
and organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and the
biosphere
, Organisms ✅individuals that are typically a collection of organ systems
*organisms can be single-celled
Population ✅collections of individuals of the same species. Typically interbreeding
*if you take a lot of similar organisms that are able to breed, you form a population
*evolutionary change affects the population
What are population biologists concerned with? ✅population growth and evolutionary
processes and other changes through time
Communities ✅a collection of populations of different species living together in the
same area
Boundaries (for communities) ✅may be set up by natural structure (man made- ex:
mountains, islands, etc) or arbitrarily determined by us
*organisms that live there don't care about the boundary
What are community biologists concerned with? ✅diversity of species and
relationships each species has with other species
Ecosystems ✅communities plus their abiotic factors (water, temperature, geology,
sunlight, etc.)
*many people say ecosystems are the same as biomes. However, biome refers to a
collection of very similar ecosystems, largely bounded by global influences like weather
and climate
What are ecosystem biologists concerned with? ✅energy flow and matter cycling
Biosphere ✅is all the ecosystems (biomes) put together
*sunlight gets in, heat energy leaves, everything else stays
What are biosphere scientists concerned with? ✅climate change and other global
issues- things like ozone depletion, aquifer depletion, etc.
Why do we organize the biological hierarchy in this specific way?
Answer: emergent properties ✅the collection of the units at one level takes on a trait
that is greater than the sum of the parts. This property is what provides the next higher
level in the hierarchy an evolutionary advantage
What is an example of an emergent property at the population level? ✅evolution-
because evolution does not occur at the organism level or before. However, natural
selection happens at the organism level
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