Fluoroscopy final exam California Question and Answers 2024
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Course
Fluoroscopy
Institution
Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy final exam California Question and Answers 2024
Linear, non threshold
Most cancers
Linear, threshold
Deterministic effects, cataracts and skin
Nonlinear, non threshold
Small radiation to see large damage
Nonlinear, threshold
High dose response, cataracts
Short term effects
Acu...
Fluoroscopy final exam California Question and Answers 2024
Linear, non threshold
Most cancers
Linear, threshold
Deterministic effects, cataracts and skin
Nonlinear, non threshold
Small radiation to see large damage
Nonlinear, threshold
High dose response, cataracts
Short term effects
Acute injury, 25 rads or less, minutes days weeks
Long term effects
Years after exposure, long latent period. Acute high dose or chronic low dose over years.
Deterministic effects
Radiation response increases in severity with increasing radiation dose. Occurs within days after
radiation exposure. Cataracts, skin damage, threshold dose
,Stochastic effects
Cancer. Incidence of radiation response increases with increasing radiation dose. Is not observed for
months or years. Non-threshold, randomly occurring.
Radiation induced congenital abnormalities
Occurs within 10 days to 12 weeks after conception. Skeletal abnormalities 3 to 20 weeks
Spontaneous abortion
Absorbed dose of 50 rads to fetus
Doubling dose for humans
1.56 SV
Compton effect
scatter of x-ray photons from the atoms of the body, incoming x-ray photon knocks outer shell
electron out of shell
Photoelectric absorption
X-ray photon interacts with inner shell electrons. Occurs in Adams with higher atomic number and
higher tissue density. 97 to 99 percent of incident x-rays are absorbed by the patient. Only half of
remnant beam interacts with IR. Photo electron is absorbed within 1 to 2 mm of soft tissue
, Coherent ( classical ) scatter
Interaction which occurs between low energy x-ray photons and matter. Below 10 KEV
Thomson
Type of scatter. Single outershell electrons of an atom is involved in the interaction.
Rayleigh scattering
All electrons of atom are involved in interaction
tungsten filament
2 mm diameter, one or 2 cm long. Addition of 1 to 2 percent thorium to tungsten filament Enhances
the efficiency of thermionic emission and prolongs tube life
Space charge effect
Cloud of electrons that make it difficult for subsequent electrons to be emitted by the filament
because of electrostatic repulsion
Saturation current
Further increase in KVP does not result in higher ma because all of the available electrons have been
used
Line focus principle
The size of the effective focal spot influences image sharpness. Effective focal spot size is much less
than actual focal spot size
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