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NUR2990 - Exam 2 Study Guide
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NUR2990 - Exam 2 Study GuideWhat race is more prone to being diagnosed with cancer? - Answer African american
race
What is the primary prevention of cancer? - Answer Reducing the risks of disease
through health promotion techniques. Education, avoiding carcinogens, dietary, and
lifestyle changes.q
What is the secondary prevention of cancer? - Answer Programs promoting screening
and early detection activities.
What is cancer screening used for? - Answer To identify in the general population those
diseases early so that treatment decisions can be made to cure or prolonged life.
What are the creatia that must be met for secondary prevention? - Answer Screenings
must be cheap
Must be able to detect cancer early enough to make the difference
Result in a few false positive or negatives
What is primordial prevention of cancer? - Answer Underlying conditions leading to
causation targets total population and selected groups.
What is tertiary prevention of cancer? - Answer Late stage of cancer that results in
treatment and rehab.
Why are cancer diagnostic tests done? - Answer Done to determine the presence and
extent of a tumor, whether it metastasis, function of involved or non-involved organs,
and evaluate the tumor stage and grade.
When should women get their mammogram done? - Answer Over 45 years old
What does the cure of cancer depend on? - Answer Depends on the cancer and varies,
eradication of the malignant disease
What is the control of cancer? - Answer Prolonged survival and containment of cancer
cell growth; long periods of remission; good quality of life with exacerbations
What is palliation of cancer? - Answer Relief of symptoms associated with the disease
What is radiation therapy for cancer used for? - Answer Used to cure cancer and control
malignant disease. Can be a prophylactic to prevent the spread of primary cancer to
distant areal relief symptoms of the disease.
How does radiation work? - Answer Interacts to form free radicals in cells which
disrupts DNA and with repetition is ultimately lethal to cells.
,What determines how radiation is going to be administered? - Answer Source of
radiation, location of tumor, and type of cancer that is targeted.
What is externally-external beam radiation? - Answer The most common radiation that is
delivered in a variety of ways depending on the depth of the tumor and dose of radiation
to be given. The higher the energy, the deeper the penetration.
How do you prepare the patient on their first visit for radiation? - Answer Give patient
radiation markings(don't touch or redraw), educate, premedication, and encourage to
not miss appointments
What is internal radiation? - Answer Implantation or brachytherapy is a high dose that is
localized to a specific area.
How is internal radiation administered? - Answer Implanted by means of seeds, beads,
or catheters into body cavities or interstitial compartments. Also can be administered
orally.
What are intracavity radioisotopes? - Answer Used to treat gynecologic cancers that
remain in place for prescribed periods of time and then are removed.
What type of cancer does interstitial implants treat? - Answer Prostate, pancreatic, and
breast cancer
What is significant about the radiation of interstitial implants? - Answer Implants that are
farther away from the tissue from the radiation source = lower the dosage
What are the precautions of radiation for intracavity or interstitial? - Answer Private
room, sign on doors, limits visitors, maintain 6-foot distance from radiation source.
Contacts with the healthcare team are guided by principles of time, distance, and
shielding to minimize exposure.
What type of cancer is an unsealed source used to treat? - Answer Thyroid cancer
What is an unsealed source treatment? - Answer Drink that diffuses thru the body
tissues and concentrated in the thyroid for 48-72 hours. It's present in the body fluids for
up to 4 days.
What are the precautions of taking antiemetics? - Answer Since it's 50% excreted in
urine, you must flush 3 times. Double gloves and use paper trays and plates. Also sleep
alone for 2 weeks.
What is the nursing management for external radiation? - Answer Radiation markings
Education, premedicate, encourage to not miss appointments
What are the side effects of external radiation? - Answer Fatigue, altered taste, bone
marrow suppression, sunburn, hair loss
, What is nursing education for a patient on radiation? - Answer Avoid sun exposure,
tightly fitted clothes, harsh fabrics, detergent, no deodorant, no perfume, use electric
razor
What are the causes of anemia? - Answer Primary bone marrow diseases, aplastic
anemia. Leukemia, deficiency states, and drug reactions
What are the different deficiencies that can cause anemia? - Answer Iron, B12, and
folate
What is anemia? - Answer Inadequate number of red blood cells to effectively carry
O2(hemoglobin) to tissues causing hypoxia.
What is the most common hematologic condition? - Answer anemia
What are some symptoms of anemia? - Answer SOB, weakness, chest pain, palpitations,
low BP, fatigue, fainting
What are the different diagnostic tests for determining anemia? - Answer HGB and HCT
What is HGB? - Answer Best indicator that binds O2
What are corpuscular indices used for? - Answer Used for initial classification of
anemias
What is MCV? - Answer Size of cell,
What are the different sizes the MCV can show for the cell? - Answer Microcytic,
normocytic, macrocytic, or megaloblastic
What is MCH/MCHC? - Answer The amount of hemoglobin in each cell, which can be
hypochromic or normochromic
What does microcytic, hypochromic indicate? - Answer Iron deficiency
What does normocytic, normochromic indicate? - Answer Problem outside the marrow,
hemolytic anemia or bleed
What does macrocytic indicate? - Answer B12 or folate deficiency
What does hemolytic anemia result from? - Answer Destruction of RBC
What are the normal RBC cells for males and females? - Answer Males are 4.5-5.5
Females are 4.5
What does HGB show? - Answer Grams of HGB per 100C of blood
What does HCT show? - Answer Percent of red blood cells in volume of blood
What is hypoproliferative anemia? - Answer Marrow cannot produce adequate numbers
of RBCs due to marrow damage by medications, chemicals, or lack of factors necessary
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