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phil 1700 midterm review Questions With Complete Solutions.
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phil 1700 midterm review Questions With Complete Solutions.
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phil 1700 midterm review Questions WithComplete Solutions
What is moral duty Correct Answers A duty which one owes,
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and which he ought to perform, but which he is not legally
bound to fulfill
why we have moral duties Correct Answers because it expects
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us to be attentive to other peoples needs to some drgree
Ethical egoism Correct Answers This says that we are selfish
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people and we only do things that will benefit us. Other people
only matter if they can help us in a certain way.
psychological egoism Correct Answers Every human action is
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motivated by self-interest. We believe that we are doing good
for others but in reality its an illusion. In the end we only care
about ourselves.
Differences between EE and PE Correct AnswersHHH
psychological egoism states what is; ethical egoism states what
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should be.
What is altruism Correct Answers self sacrifice for the benefit
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of others
is altruism possible Correct Answers no because of ethical
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and psychological states that we only do things for ourself
interest only
, Arguments for PE Correct Answers P1) "In either case of an
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altruistic act or the same act done for self-interested reasons,
both cases reflect that "the person is merely doing what he or
she most wants to do."
P2) When you do something you want to do, you are motivated
by your own self-interest.
C) Therefore, there are no truly altruistic acts.
C2) Therefore, Psychological Egoism seems to be right.
Arguments against PE Correct Answers it seems as though
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the feelings we have of gratefulness and thankfulness -- directed
toward people -- simply wouldn't make much sense if every
action of altruism were nothing more than a concealed action of
self-interest.
Arguments for EE Correct Answers P1) Each person has only
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one life to live. If we value the individual, then we must agree
that this life is of supreme importance. After all, it is all one has,
and all one is.
P2) The ethics of altruism regards the life of the individual as
something one must be ready to sacrifice for the good of others.
Therefore, the ethics of altruism does not take seriously the
value of the individual.
P3) Ethical Egoism, which allows each person to view his or her
own life as being of ultimate value, does take the individual
seriously - it is, in fact, the only philosophy that does so.
C4) Thus, Ethical Egoism is the philosophy that we ought to
accept.
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