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NUR 104- Exam 1/189 Questions With Verified Solutions
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NUR 104- Exam 1/189 Questions WithVerified Solutions
Growth - -an increase in physical size
-Development - -sequential when various skills/functions are acquired from
birth to child
-Physical growth - -maturation of body systems, gross motor and fine motor
are orderly
-Infant physical growth - --average weight is 7.5 lbs, 5%-10% weight loss is
expected in the first week
-birth weight doubles by 4 to 5 months and triples by 1 year
-average height is 20 inches and growth occurs more quickly over 1st 6
months
-head circumference is 35 cm or 13.5 inches and increases by 50%
-Infant sleep - --10-12 hours of sleep everyday
-deep: no movement and eyes closed
-light: eyes closed, REM, and irregular movements
-drowsy: dozing and half lidded
-quiet: alert-eyes wide open and calm
-active: alert-eyes wide open and active movement
-crying: cries, screams, and inattentive
-Infant brain - --at 6 months: the brain weighs half of adult size
-anterior fontanelles remains open from 12 to 18 months: soft spot on the
top of the head-can close as early as 9 months
-myelination of spinal cord and nerves continues over 2 years
-Rooting/Sucking Reflex - --finger/nipple on side of mouth, baby will move
towards it
-from birth to 2-5 months
-Moro Reflex - --reflex in which a newborn stretches out the arms and legs
and cries in response to a loud noise or an abrupt change in the environment
-facial grimacing
-from birth to 4 months
-ATNR (Asymmetrical tonic neck) Reflex - --Arm and leg on face side
extend; arm and leg on skull side flex (or experience increase flexor tone)
-birth to 4 months
, -Palmar Reflex - --when you place your finger in an infant's palm, they will
grasp it
-from birth to 4-6 months
-Plantar Reflex - --elicited touching the soles of the feet. toes curl downward
-around the age when babies learn to walk
-birth to 9 months
-Babinski Reflex - --in response to the sole of the foot being stroked, a
baby's big toe moves upward or toward the top surface of the foot and the
other toes fan out
-birth to 12 months
-abnormal in adults
-Infant GI - --average 8-10 stools a day
-primary (deciduous) between 6-8 months
-as birth, stomach can only held 1/2 to 1 oz; by 1 year its full size
-amylase (carbs) and lipase (fats) are deficient and not in place until 5
months
-the liver is immature which is why there's jaundice; adult level by 5 months
-meconium is the first stool which is black and sticky from swallowing
amniotic fluid, breast milk causes seedy stool, formula causes peanut butter
consistency stool
-Infant GU, Integumentary, Heme, and Immune - --urinate frequently but
susceptible to dehydration d/t total body water being higher than weight
-lanugo is fine hair on infants
-acrocyanosis is normal to feet and hands and should subside after a few
days
-mottling can also be present for the first few months (purplish discoloring of
the skin)
-initial high Hgb concentration then drops after 2-3 months; Fe stores ok up
to 9 months but needs supplementation
-Igg passed from mom to infant and lasts 3-6 months until own is
synthesized to adult levels by 60% at 12 months
-Infant hair/skin - --lanugo
-acrocyanosis (fingers, toes, lips)
-Psychosocial and Cognitive Development - --Erikson originated trust vs.
mistrust: infant develops trust in parent if needs are met and mistrust if not
(birth to 1 year)
-Piaget created the stages how kids developed motor and fine skills
(sensorimotor)
-Infant fine motor development - -1 month: grasp reflex strong
, 4 months: grasps object with both hands
7 months: transfers objects between hands (put together)
10 months: pincer grasp
11 months: removes objects from container
12 months: builds tower of two blocks
-Infant sensory development - -1 month: visual acuity 20/100; follows light
to midline
2 months: crosses eyes, binocular fixation and convergence
3 months: follows object to periphery (outwards)
5 months: visually pursues dropped object
7 months: responds to own name and has taste preference
12 months: begins to discriminate simple shapes (squares/blocks, circle)
-Infant vocal development - -1 month: cries to express and displeasure;
makes small throaty sounds; comfort sounds with feeding
2 months: coos; vocalizes to familiar voice
3 months: babble/chuckle; less crying while awake
4 months: laughs aloud; starts making consonant sounds (n, k, g, p, b)
6 months: begins to imitate sounds
8 months: combines syllables such as dada
12 months: dada, mama with meaning; may say 3-5 words
-Infant social development - -1 month: sensorimotor phase, stage 1, use
reflexes
2 months: social smile responding to stimuli
4 months: enjoys social interaction
6 months: begins to recognize parents and fear strangers; holds out arms to
be picked up
8 months: increase anxiety over parent leaving; responds to the word NO
10 months: develops object permanence; waves bye-bye
11-12 months: plays "so big" and "peek-a-boo;" show emotions (jealousy,
hug, kiss, anger, fear)
-Infant Nutrition - --human milk or formula for first 4 to 6 months
-nutritional supplements for exclusively breast-fed babies: vitamin D, iron
-number and volume of feedings will vary over time (30-32 oz/day is normal
max)
-when and how to add food (cereal 4 months, fruits and veggies 6 months)
-Birth through 5 months food consistency - --liquids only
-4 months through 6 months - --add strained foods
-5 months through 9 months - -add semisolid foods (mashed or diced)
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