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EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE NUR155 CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING .pdf
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EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE NUR155 CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING .pdf
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EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE NUR155EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE NUR155 CONCEPTS OF MEDICAL SURGICAL
NURSING
Ch. 10 – Critical Thinking
Critical Thinking- is the process of intentional higher thinking to define a client’s problem, examine the
evidencebased practice in caring for the client, and make choices in the delivery of care.
Clinical reasoning- is the cognitive process that uses thinking strategies to gather and analyze client information,
evaluate the relevance of the information, and decide on possible nursing actions to improve the clients
physiological and psychosocial outcomes.
Critical Analysis – is the application of a set of questions to a particular situation or idea determine essential
information and ideas and discard unimportant information and ideas.
Socratic questioning – is a technique one can use to look beneath the surface, recognize and examine assumptions,
search for inconsistencies, examine multiple point of views.
Inductive reasoning – generalizations are formed from a set of facts or observations.
Deductive reasoning – is reasoning from general premise to the specific conclusion.
Critical thinking skills
• Analyzing – separating/ breaking whole into parts
• Applying standards – judging according to established personal
• Discriminating - recognizing differences
• Information seeking – search for evidence
• Logical reasoning – drawing inferences
• Predicting – envision a plan
• Transforming knowledge – changing/converting the condition, nature, form/function of concepts
Problem-solving- is a mental activity in which a problem is identified that represents an unsteady state.
Process
• Trial & error – a number of approaches are tried until the solution is found.
• Intuition – relies on a nurses inner sense.
• Research process
• Examples of problem-solving situations: safety/infection o Everything we do as a nurse is backed up by
research (evidence-based practice)
Decision-making Process
, EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE NUR155
• Choosing the best actions to meet a desired goal o Make value decisions o time management decisions o
Scheduling decisions o Priority decisions
Delegation - is a process by which a health care professional who has legal authority to perform a controlled act
transfers that authority to an unauthorized person.
Ch. 11-14 - Nursing Process
*The nursing process is client centered
Nursing Process- is a systemic rational method of planning
and providing individualized nursing care.
• Assessment o Collect data
Database – contains all
the information about the
client
Subjective
(symptoms/what client
says)
» Apparent onlty to the person
affected and can be described or
verified only by that person.
Objective (signs/vital
signs, chart – canbe seen,
heard, felt, smelled or observed by physical examination)
» Are detectable by an observer or can be measured or
tested against an accepted standard,
Sources of data
Observing/Interviewing
• Closed ended questions
• Open ended questions
• Don’t ask, “Why?”
• Instead say, “tell me about…”
o Organize data o
Validate data o
Document data
• Nursing Diagnosis o Analyze data
o Identify health problems, risks, and strengths o
Formulate diagnostic statements Types of
diagnoses:
Actual diagnosis
, EXAM 1 STUDY GUIDE NUR155
Risk diagnosis
Health promotion diagnosis
Wellness diagnosis
NANDA-1 nursing diagnoses
Prioritization – Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
• Planning o Prioritize
problems/diagnoses
o Formulate goals/desired outcomes o Select
nursing interventions
o Write nursing interventions
• Implementation o Reassess the client
o Determine the nurse’s need for
assistance o Implement the nursing
interventions o Supervise delegated
care o Document nursing activities
• Evaluation o Collect data related to
outcomes o Compare data with
outcomes
o Related nursing actions to client goals/outcomes
o Draw conclusions about problem status
o Continue, modify or terminate the client’s care
plan
• Writing Nursing Diagnoses o Basic
Two-Part Statement (at risk) 2 part
Problem (P)
Etiology (E) o Basic Three-
Part Statement (actual) 3 part
Problem (P)
Etiology (E)
Signs and symptoms (S)
**If the goal is not met, always go back and re-
assess**
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