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Chapter 4: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology
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Chapter 4: Introduction to Clinical Pharmacology
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CHAPTER 4: INTRODUCTION TO CLINICALPHARMACOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS VERIFIED
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Pharmacodynamics u- uThe ustudy uof ua umedication's umechanism uof uaction uand uthe ueffects uthe
umedication uhas uon uthe ubody
Pharmacokinetics u- uStudy uof uhow ua udrug uis uprocessed uby uthe ubody, uwith uemphasis uon uthe utime
urequired ufor uabsorption, uduration uof uaction, udistribution, uand umethod uof uexcretion
Drug udistribution uand uelimination u- uDrug udelivery usystems, uroute uof uadministration, umodes uof
uexcretion
Drug u- uAny usubstance u(other uthan ufood uor udevice uintended ufor uuse uin uthe udiagnosis, ucure, urelief,
utreatment, uor uprevention uof udisease) uintended uto uaffect uthe ustructure uor ufunction uof uthe ubody
Pharmacology u- uThe ustudy uof umedicine
Allergic ureaction u- uAn uacquired uhyperresponse uof ubody udefenses uto ua uforeign usubstance
MAR u- uMedication uadministration urecord
Anaphylaxis u- uA usevere utype uof uallergic ureaction uthat uinvolves uthe umassive, usystemic urelease uof
uhistamine uand uother uchemical umediators uof uinflammation uthat ucan ulead uto ulifethreatening ushock
Therapeutics u- uThe ubranch uof umedicine uconcerned uwith uthe uprevention uof udisease uand utreatment
uof usuffering
Biologics u- uAgents unaturally uproduced uin uanimal ucells, uby umicroorganisms, uor uby uthe ubody uitself.
ui.e., uhormones, uvaccines
Cell umembrane u- uA ubarrier uthat uselectively ufacilitates uor ublocks uentry uand uexit uof uvarious
usubstances uinto uand uout uof uthe ucell usuch uas udrugs, unutrients, uand uwaste
Cell umembrane ureceptors u- uSpecific umolecules uon uthe ucell umembrane usurface uthat uproduce uor
ublock ubiological uactivity uin uthe upresence uof uspecific usubstances uto uwhich uthey ubind
Nucleus u- uThe ubrain uof uthe ucell uthat uregulates uall uactivities
Cytoplasm u- uThe usubstance uinside uthe uouter umembrane uand uoutside uof uthe unucleus. uThis ucontains
umost uof uthe uintracellular ufluid
Extracellular uFluid u- uBody ufluid ulocated ubetween uor uoutside ucells. uConsists uof uinterstitial ufluid uor
ufluid ubetween ucells uand uintravascular ufluid
Tissues u- uA ugroup uof usimilarly uspecialized ucells uthat uperform uthe usame ufunction
, Organs u- uSpecialized ucells uand utissues ugrouped utogether uto uperform ua uspecific ubody ufunction ufor ua
ucommon upurpose
Muscle utissue u- uThe u3 utypes uare uskeletal, usmooth, uand ucardiac.
Plasma u- uThe uliquid uportion uof uthe ublood uthat ucarries uproteins uand uother usubstances
Cardiovascular usystem u- uConsists uof uthe uheart, uthe ublood uvessels, uand uthe ublood uitself. uThe ubody's
umain utransportation usystem. uIt uprovides unutrients uand uhormones, uand uremoves uwaste ufrom uthe
ucells
Respiratory usystem u- uConsists uof uthe unasal upassages, uthe utrachea, uthe udiaphragm, uand uthe ulungs. uIt
uperforms uthe uexchange uof uoxygen uand ucarbon udioxide ubetween uthe ubody uand uthe uenvironment
Gastrointestinal usystem u- uConsists uof uthe umouth, uesophagus, ustomach, uliver, upancreas, ugallbladder,
uand usmall uand ularge uintestines. uUsed uby uthe ubody uto uacquire uthe uenergy uand unutrients uit uneeds
uto usustain uitself
Nervous usystem u- uConsists uof uthe ubrain uand uspinal ucord uand uthe uperipheral unervous usystem. uThis
usystem uconducts uelectrical usignals uthroughout uthe ubody uand uallows uit uto uinteract uproperly uwith uits
uenvironment
Musculoskeletal usystem u- uConsists umostly uof uthe umuscles, uthe ubones, uand uother uminor usystems.
uThis usystem uis uprimarily uresponsible ufor uthe ubody's ubasic uframe usupport uand umovement uas uwell uas
uits uability uto uperform uphysical uwork
Reproductive usystem u- uConsists uof uthe upenis, utestes, uand useminal ufluids uand uthe uovaries, uoviducts,
uuterus, uvagina uand umammary uglands. uThe usystem's umajor urole uis uto umanufacture, utransmit, uand
umaintain uthe ucells uand uenvironment unecessary ufor ureproduction
Immune usystem u- uConsists uof uthe ulymph unodes, uvessels, uand ucells. uIts umajor upurpose uis uto
umaintain uthe uintegrity uof uthe ubody uby uattacking uand uremoving uinvading uforeign usubstances uand
umicrobes. uIt ualso uhelps uremove uexcess ufluids ufrom uthe ubody
Absorption u- uHow uthe udrug upasses ufrom uits usite uof uadministration uinto uthe ubloodstream
Distribution u- uHow uthe udrug uis udispersed uamong uthe uorgans uof uthe ubody uafter uit uabsorbed uinto
uthe ubloodstream, uand uhow umuch ureaches uthe utarget uorgans
Metabolism u- uHow uthe uactive upart uof ua udrug uis umetabolized uinto ua umore uwater-soluble ucompound
uthat ucan ureadily uexcreted uby uthe ukidneys.
Excretion u- uHow uthe udrug uis ueliminated ufrom uthe ubody.
margin uof usafety u- uThe udifference ubetween uthe uusual ueffective udose uand uthe udose uthat uinduces
usevere uor ulife-threatening uside ueffects
What uare uthe ufive urights uof udrug uadministration? u- u1. uRight upatient
2. uRight umedication
3. uRight udose
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