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APUSH final review notes 2023
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Complete set of notes for APUSH, taken at the end of the year to review for the national exam. Covers all time periods and units, has key elements that could be on the test.
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THEMES IN US HISTORYReligion
- immigrants from colonial times through now came to US for relief from persecution
Westward Expansion
- Louisiana Purchase
- Manifest Destiny
- Lewis and Clark expedition
- gold rushes
- Shay’s Rebellion and Whisky Rebellion
- colonists ignore Line of Demarcation (Proc. of 1763)
- Native Americans pushed off of their land and put on reservations
Individualism
- disdain for large government programs
Size of Federal Government
- small federal government
- conservatives - limited government power: only for national defense and help those who are unable
- laissez-faire policies
- liberals - more government power
- New Deal, Great Society
Federal vs. State Governments
- Articles of Confederation → Constitution
- John C. Calhoun nullification crisis 1798
- alien sedition laws
- power to secede from Union
Constitutional Limits on Federal Government
- “necessary and proper clause” (elastic clause) debate
,UNIT 1: 1491-1607
Cortez and Pizzaro
- conquistadors who conquered the Aztecs and Incas respectively
Columbian exchange
- exchange of new crops and animals between America and Europe
Syncretism
- merging of religions
Creoles, Mulattoes, Mestizos
- Creoles: 100% Spanish but born in Americas
- Mulattoes and Mestizos: mixed race
- caste systems created (more European blood = superiority)
Spanish conquered Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas
- superior weapons
- disease
- help from some indigenous
Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
- doctrine of discovery
- Spain had western half of South America up to Central America (Texas, Florida), Portugal had eastern half of South
America (roughly)
- St. Augustine 1565: first settlement in new world in Florida
Encomienda
- Spanish conquistadors were given non-christians (native americans) they conquered to use as labor as a reward
Columbus 1492
- funded by king and queen of Spain
- Spain becomes superpower
- abundance of silver → inflation
Eventually
- French had Canada → New Orleans
- sent very few colonists and women → more mixed-race families
- fur trading
- England had 13 colonies
- sent more colonists and women → more British colonial families
UNIT 2: 1607-1754
Triangular trade
- trade between Europe, Africa, and Americas
- Europe → Africa: finished metal products, gunpowder
- Africa → Europe: slaves, coffee, ivory
- Africa → Americas: slaves
- Americas → Africa: sugar, cotton, indigo
, Mayflower Compact: agreement to govern self signed by Plymouth Colony 1610
- Massachusetts Bay colony 1630
Huguenots: French protestants
Calvinists: believed in predestination and original sins
- Puritans
- Dutch reformed church
First Great Awakening
- fundamentalist revival in New World
- call to rededicate life to God and religion
- Jonathan Edwards: fear of going to hell
The Enlightenment
- Natural rights
Anne Hutchinson
- exiled from Massachusetts
Colony founders:
- Roger Williams - Rhode Island
- Thomas Hooker - Connecticut
- William Penn - Pennsylvania
- George Calvert - Maryland
- James Olgelthorp - Georgia
Geographical composition
- lower south: cotton, rice, indigo, slave labor
- Chesapeake and upper south: tobacco
- middle colonies: wheat, fruits, vegetable
- New England: textiles,fishing, lumbar
Jamestown 1607
- sent non-farmers
- starving times
- John Rolfe married Pocahontas
1st Great Migration: Britain → Massachusetts
Slave Trade
- more slaves going to Caribbean and South America vs North America because sugarcane and silver mining
House of Burgesses 1642
- representatives from virginia that were elected through a democratic system
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