Review topics Bio 110 final
Define:
Angiogenesis- The development of new blood vessels
normal blood glucose level-
70-110mg/dl (100 mg/dl or less)
Kupffer cell
Resident liver macrophages & play a critical
glial cells
Cells in the nervous system that provide various types of support to the neurons, including structural &
metabolic support.
-ex: astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells
Diabetes insipidus
Unrelated to DM
Lack of hormone ADH (vasopressin)
s/sx: polyuria (urine) & polydipsia (thirst)
filtration
Fluid filtered from blood vessels into nephron tube; mostly occurs in kidneys for smaller particles
Opsonization (aka immune adherence
The enhancement of phagocytosis by coating microorganisms with certain serum proteins (opsonin)
plasma cell
Mature form of B cells that secrete antibodies.
A short-lived form of a lymphocyte that secretes antibofies
mast cell
Cells dispersed throughout the body’s connective tissues that help signal the early events of
inflammation by releasing histamine
Fertilization
Process by which two gametes (one from each parent) fuse together to produce a new cell known as
conception in humsns
normal hematocrit-
The fraction of the blood volume that is occupied by RBC’s (45%)
Men = 42-52%
Women = 37-47%
, Tendons
Connects muscle to bone.
Ligaments
Connects bone to bone
Role of diaphragm as respiratory muscle
When you breathe in or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens), causing it to flatten & move
downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity
tidal volume
“Normal breathing” Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each normal breath
Residual volume
Amount of air in lungs after forced expiration
functional residual capacity, (FRC)
Amount of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration
primary inspiratory muscles
Diaphragm 75% & external intercostals 25% The muscle partition that separates the abdominal &
thoracic cavities
type1 and 2 alveolar cells and their functions
Type 1 Extremely thin covered with a single-layer of epithelial cells making up the wall of alveoli Cover
more than 95% of alveolar surface are essential for the air-blood barrier function of lungs, process of gas
exchange between the alveoli & blood.
Type 2
Cells that line alveoli
Secrete surfactant.
Decrease surface tension.
Increase lung compliance.
Prevent atelectasis (collapse of the lung) at the end of expiration To facilitate recruitment of collapsed
airway
Surfactant
Decrease surface tension Helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing
FEV and FEV1,
FEV
Percent of air that is forcefully exhaled in a certain time frame
FEV1 Percent of air that can be exhaled in 1 second
Erythropoietin
A hormone produced & released by the kidney that stimulates the production of RBC’s by the bone
marrow In response to low O2
Define:
Angiogenesis- The development of new blood vessels
normal blood glucose level-
70-110mg/dl (100 mg/dl or less)
Kupffer cell
Resident liver macrophages & play a critical
glial cells
Cells in the nervous system that provide various types of support to the neurons, including structural &
metabolic support.
-ex: astrocytes, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, Schwann cells
Diabetes insipidus
Unrelated to DM
Lack of hormone ADH (vasopressin)
s/sx: polyuria (urine) & polydipsia (thirst)
filtration
Fluid filtered from blood vessels into nephron tube; mostly occurs in kidneys for smaller particles
Opsonization (aka immune adherence
The enhancement of phagocytosis by coating microorganisms with certain serum proteins (opsonin)
plasma cell
Mature form of B cells that secrete antibodies.
A short-lived form of a lymphocyte that secretes antibofies
mast cell
Cells dispersed throughout the body’s connective tissues that help signal the early events of
inflammation by releasing histamine
Fertilization
Process by which two gametes (one from each parent) fuse together to produce a new cell known as
conception in humsns
normal hematocrit-
The fraction of the blood volume that is occupied by RBC’s (45%)
Men = 42-52%
Women = 37-47%
, Tendons
Connects muscle to bone.
Ligaments
Connects bone to bone
Role of diaphragm as respiratory muscle
When you breathe in or inhale, your diaphragm contracts (tightens), causing it to flatten & move
downward. This increases the space in your chest cavity
tidal volume
“Normal breathing” Amount of air inhaled or exhaled with each normal breath
Residual volume
Amount of air in lungs after forced expiration
functional residual capacity, (FRC)
Amount of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration
primary inspiratory muscles
Diaphragm 75% & external intercostals 25% The muscle partition that separates the abdominal &
thoracic cavities
type1 and 2 alveolar cells and their functions
Type 1 Extremely thin covered with a single-layer of epithelial cells making up the wall of alveoli Cover
more than 95% of alveolar surface are essential for the air-blood barrier function of lungs, process of gas
exchange between the alveoli & blood.
Type 2
Cells that line alveoli
Secrete surfactant.
Decrease surface tension.
Increase lung compliance.
Prevent atelectasis (collapse of the lung) at the end of expiration To facilitate recruitment of collapsed
airway
Surfactant
Decrease surface tension Helps prevent the alveoli from collapsing
FEV and FEV1,
FEV
Percent of air that is forcefully exhaled in a certain time frame
FEV1 Percent of air that can be exhaled in 1 second
Erythropoietin
A hormone produced & released by the kidney that stimulates the production of RBC’s by the bone
marrow In response to low O2
