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LCSW Latest Updated Study Guide Complete and Accurate for Exam
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LCSW Latest Updated Study GuideComplete and Accurate for Exam
During this period the primary feature involves the child regularly
interacting with other children at school. Central to this stage is play, as it
provides children with the opportunity to explore their interpersonal skills
through initiating activities.
Children begin to plan activities, make up games, and initiate activities
with others. If given this opportunity, children develop a sense of initiative,
and feel secure in their ability to lead others and make decisions.
Conversely, if this tendency is squelched, either through criticism or
control, children develop a sense of guilt. They may feel like a nuisance to
others and will therefore remain followers, lacking in self-initiative.
The child takes initiatives which the parents will often try to stop in order
to protect the child. The child will often overstep the mark in his
forcefulness and the danger is that the parents will tend to punish the child
and restrict his initiatives too much.
It is at this stage that the child will begin to ask many questions as his thirst
for knowledge grows. If the parents treat the child's questions as trivial, a
nuisance or embarrassing or other aspects of their behavior as threatening
then the child may have feelings of guilt for "being a nuisance".
Too much guilt can make the child slow to interact with others and may
inhibit their creativity. Some guilt is, of course, necessary otherwise the
child would not know how to exercise self control or have a conscience.
,A healthy balance between initiative and guilt is important. Success in this
stage wi
Industry/Competency v. Inferiority (Erikson)
Verified Answer -Children are at the stage (aged 5 to 12 yrs) where they will
be learning to read and write, to do sums, to make things on their own.
Teachers begin to take an important role in the child's life as they teach
the child specific skills.
It is at this stage that the child's peer group will gain greater significance
and will become a major source of the child's self esteem. The child now
feels the need to win approval by demonstrating specific competencies that
are valued by society, and begin to develop a sense of pride in their
accomplishments.
If children are encouraged and reinforced for their initiative, they begin to
feel industrious and feel confident in their ability to achieve goals. If this
initiative is not encouraged, if it is restricted by parents or teacher, then the
child begins to feel inferior, doubting his own abilities and therefore may
not reach his or her potential.
If the child cannot develop the specific skill they feel society is demanding
(e.g. being athletic) then they may develop a sense of inferiority. Some
failure may be necessary so that the child can develop some modesty. Yet
again, a balance between competence and modesty is necessary. Success
in this stage will lead to the virtue of competence.
Ego Identity v. Role Confusion (Erikson)
Verified Answer -During adolescence (age 12 to 18 yrs), the transition from
childhood to adulthood is most important. Children are becoming more
independent, and begin to look at the future in terms of career,
,relationships, families, housing, etc. The individual wants to belong to a
society and fit in.
This is a major stage in development where the child has to learn the roles
he will occupy as an adult. It is during this stage that the adolescent will
re-examine his identity and try to find out exactly who he or she is. Erikson
suggests that two identities are involved: the sexual and the occupational.
According to Bee (1992), what should happen at the end of this stage is "a
reintegrated sense of self, of what one wants to do or be, and of one's
appropriate sex role". During this stage the body image of the adolescent
changes.
Erikson claims that the adolescent may feel uncomfortable about their
body for a while until they can adapt and "grow into" the changes. Success
in this stage will lead to the virtue of fidelity.
Fidelity involves being able to commit one's self to others on the basis of
accepting others even when there may be ideological differences.
During this period, they explore possibilities and begin to form their own
identity based upon the outcome of their explorations. Failure to establish
a sense of identity within society ("I don't know what I want to be when I
grow up") can lead to role confusion. Role confusion involves the
individual not being sure about themselves or their place in society.
In response to role confusion or identity crisis an adolescent may begin to
experiment with different lifestyles (e.g. work, education or political
activities). Also pressuring someone into an identity can result in rebellion
in the form of establishing a negative identity, and in addition to this
feelings of unhappine
, Intimacy v. Isolation (Erikson)
Verified Answer -Occurring in young adulthood (ages 18 to 40 yrs), we
begin to share ourselves more intimately with others. We explore
relationships leading toward longer term commitments with someone
other than a family member.
Successful completion of this stage can lead to comfortable relationships
and a sense of commitment, safety, and care within a relationship.
Avoiding intimacy, fearing commitment and relationships can lead to
isolation, loneliness, and sometimes depression. Success in this stage will
lead to the virtue of love.
Generativity v. Stagnation (Erikson)
Verified Answer -During middle adulthood (ages 40 to 65 yrs), we establish
our careers, settle down within a relationship, begin our own families and
develop a sense of being a part of the bigger picture.
We give back to society through raising our children, being productive at
work, and becoming involved in community activities and organizations.
By failing to achieve these objectives, we become stagnant and feel
unproductive. Success in this stage will lead to the virtue of care.
Ego Integrity v. Despair (Erikson)
Verified Answer -As we grow older (65+ yrs) and become senior citizens,
we tend to slow down our productivity, and explore life as a retired person.
It is during this time that we contemplate our accomplishments and are
able to develop integrity if we see ourselves as leading a successful life.
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