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APES ULTIMATE AP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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APES ULTIMATE AP EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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APES ULTIMATE AP EXAM QUESTIONSAND ANSWERS
Rachel Carson - Answer-published Silent Spring in 1962; documented the
environmental damage done by DDT and other pesticides. This book heightened public
awareness at the start of the modern environmental movement.
Paul Ehrlich - Answer-a biologist who published The Population Bomb in 1968;
discussed overpopulation and food production issues for future generations.
Garrett Hardin - Answer-published "Tragedy of the Commons" in 1968; argued that
rational people will exploit shared resources (commons).
Aldo Leopold - Answer-wrote A Sand County Almanac published in 1948; promoted a
"Land Ethic" in which humans are ethically responsible for serving as the protectors of
nature.
Wangari Maathai - Answer-won the 2004 Nobel Peace Prize for the "Green Belt
Movement"- planting trees in Kenya that provided food and fuel, and improved soil
erosion and desertification.
Thomas Malthus - Answer-a British Economist who said "human population cannot
continue to increase. Consequences will be war, famine, and disease.
John Muir - Answer-founded the Sierra Club of 1892; fought unsuccessfully to prevent
the damming of the Hetch Hetchy Valley in Yosemite National Park.
Gifford Pinchot - Answer-first chief of the US Forest Service; advocated managing
resources for multiple use using principles of sustainable yield.
Theodore Roosevelt - Answer-president of the US from 1901 to 1909, well-known for
his conservation efforts. He established the first National Wildlife Refuge at Pelican
Island.
Rowland and Molina - Answer-in 1974, determined that CFCs destroy stratospheric
(good) ozone.
EO Wilson - Answer-biologist who co-coined, with Robert MacArthur, the theory of
island biogeography, which identify factors that regulate species richness on islands.
percent - Answer-part/whole
percent change - Answer-((Final Value - Original Value)/Original Value) X 100%
,Net Primary Productivity - Answer-NPP = GPP - R
Natural Annual Percent Increase - Answer-(CBR-CDR)/10
Doubling Time - Answer-70/(%Growth Rate)
% Growth Rate= - Answer-(( (Birth Rate + Immigration) - (Death Rate +
Emigration))/Total Population)x100%
1 kw - Answer-1000w
1 MW - Answer-1000kw or 1,000,000w
kwh - Answer-kw (h)
1 watt - Answer-1 joule/sec
per capita - Answer-per person
m^3 - Answer-(m)(m)(m)
million - Answer-10^6
billion - Answer-10^9
Linear Growth - Answer-
Exponential Growth - Answer-
China
India
US
Indonesia - Answer-four most populous countries
Ecological Footprint - Answer-The amount of biologically productive land and water
needed to support a person or population.
TFR (total fertility rate) - Answer-the number of children the average woman will bear
during her reproductive lifetime.
Replacement Level Fertility - Answer-the number of children a couple must have to
replace themselves (2.1 in developed countries)
IMR (Infant Mortality Rate) - Answer-the total number of deaths in a year among infants
under 1 year old for every 1,000 live births in a society
, CBR (crude birth rate) - Answer-the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000
people alive in the society
CDR (Crude death rate) - Answer-The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000
people alive in the society
Tragedy of the Commons - Answer-Depletion or degradation of a potentially renewable
resource to which people have free and unmanaged access. An example is the
depletion of commercially desirable fish species in the open ocean beyond areas
controlled by coastal countries.
Easter Island - Answer-Highly populated and successful culture until they overused their
limiting factors and cut down their trees to create farmland which collapsed their
civilization
Aral Sea - Answer-a large inland sea that is drying up; its salinity is rising as a result of
water diversion for irrigation crops
Ogallala Aquifer - Answer-the world's largest aquifer found in the Midwest United
States. It holds enough water to cover the US with 1.5 ft of water. It is being depleted for
agricultural and urban use.
Minamata, Japan - Answer-mental impairments, birth defects, and deaths cause by
mercury being dumped into the Minimata Bay by a factory. The mercury was converted
to methlymercury, bioaccumulated in fish, and biomagnified through food chains.
Mercury entered humans who ate a traditional fish-based diet.
Chesapeake Bay, Maryland - Answer-the largest estuary in the US lies off the Atlantic
Ocean between Maryland and Virginia, was declared a dead zone in the 1970s due to
hypoxic conditions created from nutrient loading by fertilizers, which caused cultural
eutrophication.
Love Canal Housing, Niagra Falls, New York - Answer-hazardous chemicals buried in
an old canal leaked into homes and school yards. Led to the passage of CERCLA, aka
Superfund Act.
3 Mile Island, Pennsylvania - Answer-1979- the emergency cooling system of a nuclear
reactor was shut down erroneously by an operator. This led to a partial core meltdown.
The containment structure worked well to retain all radioactive materials, but eventually
some radioactive gas was purposely released to reduce pressure in the containment
structure and avoid a more serious accident.
Bhopal, India - Answer-1984- poisonous methyl isocyanate gas was released
accidentally by a Union Carbide pesticide plant killing about 5,000 people and causing
serious health effects for 50,000 - 60,000.
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