,1. Multiple Choice: Which research design is most appropriate for
establishing causality?
a) Descriptive
b) Correlational
c) Experimental
d) Case Study
Answer: c) Experimental
Rationale: Experimental designs allow the researcher to manipulate the
independent variable and control for confounding variables, thereby
providing a clear cause-and-effect relationship.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The __________ effect occurs when the presence of
the researcher influences the behavior of participants.
Answer: Hawthorne
Rationale: The Hawthorne effect refers to the alteration of behavior by
the subjects of a study due to their awareness of being observed.
3. True/False: In qualitative research, the researcher is considered the
primary instrument of data collection.
Answer: True
Rationale: In qualitative research, the researcher actively engages with
participants and collects data through observation, interviews, or focus
groups, making them the primary instrument.
, 4. Multiple Response: Select all that apply. Which of the following are
characteristics of a good research question?
a) It is clear and concise.
b) It is complex.
c) It can be researched.
d) It is broad.
Answers: a) It is clear and concise, c) It can be researched.
Rationale: A good research question should be clear and concise to guide
the study and researchable within the constraints of the project.
5. Multiple Choice: What is the level of measurement that involves ranking
order without establishing the exact difference between ranks?
a) Nominal
b) Ordinal
c) Interval
d) Ratio
Answer: b) Ordinal
Rationale: Ordinal level of measurement indicates a ranking or ordering
of elements, but the differences between the ranks are not known.
6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The __________ hypothesis is a statement that there is
no effect or no difference, and it is the hypothesis that researchers aim to
reject.
Answer: Null
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