,1. Multiple Choice: Which hormone is primarily involved in the regulation
of circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles in patients with neurocognitive
disorders?
a) Cortisol
b) Melatonin
c) Insulin
d) Thyroxine
Correct Answer: b) Melatonin
Rationale: Melatonin is known to regulate sleep-wake cycles and is often
disrupted in patients with neurocognitive disorders, affecting their circadian
rhythms.
2. Fill-in-the-Blank: The ________ scale is used to assess the severity of a
patient's pain and is based on self-report, behaviors, and physiological
indicators.
Correct Answer: Pain Assessment
Rationale: The Pain Assessment Scale allows for a comprehensive
evaluation of pain which is crucial in multidimensional care.
3. True/False: The Braden Scale for predicting pressure sore risk is
applicable only to adult patients.
Correct Answer: False
Rationale: The Braden Scale can be used for both adult and pediatric
patients to assess the risk of pressure ulcers.
,4. Multiple Response: Select all the factors that can contribute to
polypharmacy in elderly patients:
a) Multiple healthcare providers
b) Chronic diseases
c) Patient non-compliance
d) Over-the-counter medication use
e) Age-related changes in drug metabolism
Correct Answers: a), b), d), e)
Rationale: These factors contribute to the complexity of managing
medications in elderly patients, increasing the risk of polypharmacy and its
associated complications.
5. Multiple Choice: In managing a patient with congestive heart failure,
which dietary modification is most recommended?
a) High protein diet
b) Low sodium diet
c) High carbohydrate diet
d) Low fat diet
Correct Answer: b) Low sodium diet
Rationale: A low sodium diet helps to reduce fluid retention and the
burden on the heart in patients with heart failure.
, 6. Fill-in-the-Blank: The term ________ refers to the presence of bacteria
in the blood and is a serious condition that requires immediate medical
attention.
Correct Answer: Bacteremia
Rationale: Bacteremia can lead to systemic infections and sepsis, making
prompt diagnosis and treatment essential in multidimensional care.
7. True/False: A patient with a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 8 or less is
considered to be in a coma.
Correct Answer: True
Rationale: A score of 8 or less on the Glasgow Coma Scale indicates
severe impairment of consciousness and is clinically classified as a coma.
8. Multiple Response: Which of the following are core components of
palliative care? (Select all that apply)
a) Symptom management
b) Advanced directive planning
c) Curative treatments
d) Psychological support
e) Spiritual care
Correct Answers: a), b), d), e)
Rationale: Palliative care focuses on the relief of suffering and the
improvement of quality of life for patients with serious illnesses, which
includes these components except for curative treatments.
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