Allopatric speciation - ✔️✔️occurs when a physical barrier separates a population into
two or more groups
Parapatric speciation - ✔️✔️occurs when members of a population enter a new habitat
bordering the range of the parent population
Sympatric speciation - ✔️✔️occurs when populations diverge while living in the same
physical area
gradualism - ✔️✔️whereby evolution proceeds in small, incremental changes over many
generations
Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge described punctuated equilibrium, - ✔️✔️which
described a pattern of relatively brief bursts of rapid evolution followed by long periods
of little change
Opportunity may arise following - ✔️✔️* extinction of a dominant group
*By colonization of a novel environment (usually an island)
*Appearance of new resources
Evolution of a key innovation
adaptive radiation - ✔️✔️rapid filling of niches following ecological opportunity is termed
an
Ecomorph - ✔️✔️describe categories of habitat use and associated morphology and
behavior
rate of extention - ✔️✔️0.1-1 species extinction per million years (the average time of
existence for a species being 1-10 million years)
How does mass extictions happen - ✔️✔️1. Impact theory
2. shifts in tectonic plates
Evolution - ✔️✔️change in heritable
2
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