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PSYS 130 UVM FINAL EXAM
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PSYS 130 UVM FINAL EXAM..
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PSYS 130 UVM FINAL EXAMpropinquity - ANSWER One of the simplest determinants of interpersonal
attraction; The people who are the ones you see and interact with the most often are
the most likely to become your friends and lovers
mere exposure effect - ANSWER the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel
stimuli increases liking of them
similarity - ANSWER a match between interests, attitudes, values, background, or
personality makes us more likely to like someone
Complimentary - ANSWER the idea that opposites attract; no supporting evidence
for committed relationships
Opinions and Personality - ANSWER Greater similarity leads to more liking
Newcomb (1961) College men became friends with those who were similar in
Demographics attitudes and values
Interests and Experiences - ANSWER shared experiences promote attraction
similarity appears to be far more important when we want a serious,
____________, and less so when we just want a _________ - ANSWER committed
relationship;"fling"
reciprocal liking - ANSWER people like others better when they believe the other
person likes them
altruism - ANSWER unselfish regard for the welfare of others
egoism - ANSWER a motive to increase one's own welfare; helping behavior
provides some benefit to the helper
bystander effect - ANSWER the finding that a person is less likely to provide help
when there are other bystanders
"Carol" study (Toi & Batson, 1982) - ANSWER
diffusion of responsibility - ANSWER reduction in sense of responsibility often felt
, by individuals in a group; may be responsible for the bystander effect
social exchange theory - ANSWER the theory that our social behavior is an
exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
empathy-altruism hypothesis - ANSWER the idea that when we feel empathy for a
person, we will attempt to help that person for purely altruistic reasons, regardless
of what we have to gain
negative state relief model - ANSWER the proposal that prosocial behavior is
motivated by the bystander's desire to reduce his or her own uncomfortable
negative emotions or feelings
the feeling that is most likely to increase helping is - ANSWER guilt
reciprocity norm - ANSWER expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who
have helped them
direct reciprocity - ANSWER individuals help each other and both benefit
indirect reciprocity - ANSWER the idea that individuals are more likely to receive
help in the future if they help others
signaling theory - ANSWER an evolutionary theory that states behaving
generously implies other favorable characteristics; contributing to the public good
shows that we not only possess resources, but that we are willing to share them.
norm of fairness (equity theory) - ANSWER motivation to preserve equity in social
relationships
public good dilemmas - ANSWER enhancing confidence that public goods will be
distributed fairly among contributors tends to increase contributions
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