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AAM Exam 1 Tolson Practice Questions and Answers (Verified and Updated)
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AAM Exam 1 Tolson Practice Questions and Answers (Verified and Updated)
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Tuesday, July 16, 2024 7:36 PMAAM Exam 1 Tolson Practice Questions and
Answers (Verified and Updated)
During what time period was the slave trade active? How many years did it continue? - ✔️✔️1699-1845
400 years
What was the middle passage? - ✔️✔️Voyage of violence and death with slaves being traded across
Atlantic ocean.
What percent of slaves survived the passage? - ✔️✔️80-85%
What percentage of the total slave trade ended up in the U.S? - ✔️✔️5%
What was a factor and what role did one play in the slave trade? - ✔️✔️A european agent in charge of
slave collecting centers
What items were used as compensation for slaves? - ✔️✔️Seashells, gunpowder, and brandy
Which country monopolized the slave trade prior to 1700? After 1700? How did this impact where the
enslaved Africans ended up and how the music developed in those areas? - ✔️✔️Portugal, Britain,
What was the significance of the triangular trade route? - ✔️✔️Carried slaves, cash crops, and goods from
Africa to America and Europe
What was the significance of the "Amistad" Supreme Court decision and how did it influence the slave
trade? - ✔️✔️Created an African Prince and drew attention to how poorly slaves were being treated so
people started to revolt against slavery.
What melodic techniques are strongly evident in AAM? - ✔️✔️Guttural Effects, Lyric Improvisation, Call
and Response, and Melisma
What rhythmic techniques are strongly evident in AAM? - ✔️✔️Syncopation, Stratification, and
Polyrhythm
Explain the concept of call and response, and how it has been used throughout AAM history. -
✔️✔️Confirmation, completion, answer
Leader leads group through a call and gets a response from the group.
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Tuesday, July 16, 2024 7:36 PM
Why is AAM considered music of oral tradition? - ✔️✔️It is passed down orally from generation to
generation. A way to record it.
What is a ring shout? - ✔️✔️Religious Ritual; Shuffling in a circle counterclockwise dancing and chatting
and hand clapping with: no set end, increase in temp, body percussion
What are some other names by which the ring shout is called? - ✔️✔️Glory shout, Running spiritual, and
walk-around
From what tribes and what areas of Africa did most slaves come from? - ✔️✔️West Africa: Gold Coast,
Ivory Coast, Ashanti tribe, and Dahomi tribe
What is assimilation in AAM? - ✔️✔️Original culture disappears
What is acculturation in AAM? - ✔️✔️Culture is modified, kept some evidence
What is collective improvisation? - ✔️✔️Simultaneous improvisation by multiple musicians
What performance techniques are considered guttural effects? - ✔️✔️Screams, moans, shouts, or groans
(intone or monotone)
Explain the concept of cultural memory and how does it relate to the development of AAM? -
✔️✔️Essence of AAM, Remembering things from Africa
What were four examples of obstacles for blacks adjusting to life in America? - ✔️✔️Language, isolation,
large plantations, white-fear, paternalism, adjusting to new life
Explain the concept of Lining Out? - ✔️✔️Leader sings each line first then that line is repeated by the
group, done in church
What is the wandering refrain concept? - ✔️✔️Same refrain in different songs
Why were Dr. Watts hymns used as basis for early AA religious music? - ✔️✔️They were easily available to
blacks who attended white churches
How did Catholic religion impact the development of AAM? - ✔️✔️Could still worship, closer to african
model
How did Protestant religion impact the development of AAM? - ✔️✔️Wanted to get rid of all African
culture
How was the purpose of african music reflected in early AAM? - ✔️✔️Functionality
Name four types of street cries. - ✔️✔️Street, Coloratura, Florid, Plain
What performance techniques are typically associated with cries and hollers? - ✔️✔️Yodeling, glissandos,
melisma, microtones, and rep, pitches
What is a holler? - ✔️✔️Distance and yodeled, across the field
What is a call? - ✔️✔️Communication, emotional experience
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