IB Biology Topic 5.1 Test / Revised Questions and Answers / Sure A+
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Course
IB Biology
Institution
IB Biology
Define continuous variation - The variation in phenotypic traits, such as body weight or height, in
which a series of types are distributed on a continuum rather than grouped into discrete categories.
Define Evolution (Heritable, cumulative, population) - The process of cumulative change in
heri...
IB Biology Topic 5.1 Test / Revised
Questions and Answers / Sure A+
Define continuous variation - The variation in phenotypic traits, such as body weight or height, in
which a series of types are distributed on a continuum rather than grouped into discrete categories.
Define Evolution (Heritable, cumulative, population) - The process of cumulative change in
heritable characteristics of a population
-Heritable: Changes must be passed on genetically from one generation to the next
-Cumulative: Stresses fact that 1 change not enough to have a major impact on a species
-Population-: Changes don't affect just one individual
Define/Explain Analogous structures w/ examples - Superficial similarities between organisms.
For example tail fins of whales and fishes.
Define/Explain Homologous structures w/ example - May look superficially different and perform
different function but have a unity of type. For example forelimbs of human, horse, porpoise, bat all
have bones in same relative positions despite on surface appearing completely different. Don't prove
organisms have evolved/had common ancestry. Also don't reveal anything about mechanisms of
evolution, but difficult to explain without evolution
Example of fossil sequences linking existing organisms with likely ancestors - Equestrians are
linked to rhinoceros
Explain adaptive radiation in relation to homologous structure - Evolutionary explanation of
homologous structures is that they had same origin, from ancestor with same structures (i.e
pentadactyl/five digit limb) and have become different because they perform different functions. This is
adaptive radiation.
Explain convergent evolution in relation analogous structure - Evolutionary interpretation of
analogous structures is that organisms that have had different origins and have become similar is
because they perform the same or similar function.
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