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2024 MEDICAL COLLEGE ADMISSIONS TEST EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 MEDICAL COLLEGE ADMISSIONS TEST EXAM WITH CORRECT ANSWERS
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2024 MEDICAL COLLEGEADMISSIONS TEST EXAM WITH
CORRECT ANSWERS
irreversible inhibitor - CORRECT ANSWERS-a substance that causes inhibition
that cannot be reversed, usually involves formation or breaking of covalent
bonds to or on the enzyme
diffraction - CORRECT ANSWERS-a change in the direction of a wave when
the wave finds an obstacle or an edge, such as an opening, occurs in
shadows
fatty acid oxidation - CORRECT ANSWERS-the metabolic breakdown of fatty
acids to acetyl CoA; also called beta oxidation
henry's law - CORRECT ANSWERS-the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly
proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
amber codon - CORRECT ANSWERS-stop codon (UAA, UAG, UGA)
stop codon - CORRECT ANSWERS-codon that signals to ribosomes to stop
translation (last exon in a series of exons)
partial coding sequence - CORRECT ANSWERS-portion of DNA/RNA that codes
for protein (subset of a exon)
splice acceptor site - CORRECT ANSWERS-Located at the 3' end of the intron,
terminates the intron with an AG sequence (exon/intron border)
impression management - CORRECT ANSWERS-the attempt by people to get
others to see them as they want to be seen
Mead's "Me" - CORRECT ANSWERS-the sense of self that has been learned
from interaction with others
Mead's "I" - CORRECT ANSWERS-the part of the self that is spontaneous,
impulsive, creative, and unpredictable
interpolation - CORRECT ANSWERS-prediction based on existing data (i.e.
between given data points)
,extrapolation - CORRECT ANSWERS-is an educated guess beyond the
existing data points
dipole-dipole forces - CORRECT ANSWERS-attractions between oppositely
charged regions of polar molecules
London dispersion forces - CORRECT ANSWERS-the intermolecular
attractions resulting from the constant motion of electrons and the creation
of instantaneous dipoles
electronnegativity - CORRECT ANSWERS-a measure of the ability of an atom
in a chemical compound to attract electrons
electron affinity - CORRECT ANSWERS-the energy change that occurs when
an electron is acquired by a neutral atom
critical point - CORRECT ANSWERS-the temperature and pressure at which
the gas and liquid states of a substance become identical and form one
phase
amine - CORRECT ANSWERS-R-NH2
amide - CORRECT ANSWERS-like a carboxylic acid, but with nitrogen and two
hydrogens
imine - CORRECT ANSWERS-a double bond between a carbon and a nitrogen
acetyl - CORRECT ANSWERS-methyl group bonded to a carbonyl group
acetal - CORRECT ANSWERS-a carbon atom bonded to an alkyl group, two -
OR groups, and a hydrogen
ping pong mechanism - CORRECT ANSWERS-an enzyme mechanism where a
substrate binds to the enzyme and releases a product before the second
substrate binds to the enzyme (also known as double-replacement)
ordered mechanism - CORRECT ANSWERS-an enzyme mechanism where the
substrates have to bind to the enzyme in a specific order
random order mechanism - CORRECT ANSWERS-either substrate could bind
first
splice donor site - CORRECT ANSWERS-5' end of intron (exon/intron border)
, promoter - CORRECT ANSWERS-region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme
where to bind to make RNA
signal sequence - CORRECT ANSWERS-the sequence mature RNA sequence
within a protein that directs the protein to a particular organelle
nuclear localization signal - CORRECT ANSWERS-the signal sequence for the
nucleus that enables proteins to move through pores in the nuclear envelope
glycolysis - CORRECT ANSWERS-first step in releasing the energy of glucose,
in which a molecule of glucose is broken into two molecules of pyruvic acid
(making two ATPs)
chemiosmosis - CORRECT ANSWERS-a process for synthesizing ATP using the
energy of an electrochemical gradient and the ATP synthase enzyme
(making 28 ATPs)
citric acid cycle - CORRECT ANSWERS-completes the breakdown of glucose
by oxidizing a derivative of pyruvate to carbon dioxide (making 2 ATPs)
electron transport chain - CORRECT ANSWERS-series of electron carrier
proteins that shuttle high-energy electrons during ATP-generating reactions
steroid - CORRECT ANSWERS-a type of lipid (terpene) characterized by a
carbon skeleton consisting of four rings (6-6-6-5) with various functional
groups attached
indole - CORRECT ANSWERS-a particular chemical structure found in
serotonin and LSD, has two fused rings
monoterpene - CORRECT ANSWERS-a single terpene unit, contains two
isoprene units
proximal convoluted tubule - CORRECT ANSWERS-first section of the renal
tubule that the blood flows through; reabsorption of water, ions, and all
organic nutrients
distal convoluted tubule - CORRECT ANSWERS-between the loop of Henle
and the collecting duct, selective reabsorption and secretion occur here,
most notably to regulate reabsorption of water and sodium
cortical portion of collecting duct - CORRECT ANSWERS-reabsorbs NaCl but is
impermeable to water
medullary portion of collecting duct - CORRECT ANSWERS-more permeable
to water than to NaCl (glomerular filtrate reaches highest concentration)
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