NURS 300 – Midterm Detailed Questions and
Expert Answers
What is fragmentation of care? - ANS Each aspect of healthcare taking care of
specific aspects of a person's health. This leads to seeing the person as separate
parts rather than a whole.
What is systems theory? - ANS Systems theory views people though larger
contexts, such as members of families, communities, and broader society. - when
one thing changes within a system, the whole system is affected. The whole is
greater than the sum of the parts.
What are the 3 areas of philosophical inquiry (thinking)? - ANS 1) Ontology: The
nature of being
2) Epistemology: The nature of knowledge
3) Ethics: The nature of moral conduct and judgement
What is ontology? - ANS An area of philosophical inquiry. The study of the nature
of being. e.g. what does it mean to be a nurse?
What is epistemology? - ANS An area of philosophical inquiry. The study of
knowledge (how we know what we know? How do we know that knowledge is the
truth?)
,What is ethics? - ANS The branch of philosophy that deals with issues of right and
wrong in human affairs. The nature of moral conduct and judgement. What is
good?
How is philosophical thinking applied to nursing? - ANS Nurses use philosophical
thinking to understand their own world view (values, beliefs, and assumptions
shaped by personal experience) and how this influences the care they give and the
decisions they make. Inquiry into the social and humanitarian roles of nursing.
What is a world view in terms of philosophy? - ANS A particular way of thinking
based on a specific set of beliefs, values, and assumptions
What are assumptions in terms of philosophy? - ANS Statements of fact or
suppositions that people accept as the underlying theoretical foundation of for
conceptualizations about a phenomenon.
What is a paradigm? - ANS A particular way of thinking based on a specific set of
beliefs, values, and assumptions.
What two paradigms are most needed and affectively applied to nursing? - ANS
Interpretivist paradigm (no single fixed reality against which knowledge can be
measured) and scientific method (a logical, systematic approach to obtaining.
producing knowledge)
, What is interpretivism? - ANS Considers that the social world consists of multiple,
subjective realities. There is no single fixed reality against which knowledge can be
measured.
What is scientific method? - ANS A logical, systematic approach to
obtaining/producing knowledge - observable, and measurable.
What is the empiricist paradigm? - ANS A single reality exists independent of our
knowledge of it.
What is a metaparadigm? What are the 4 major abstract concepts related to
nursing? - ANS The most abstract aspect of the structure of knowledge; the global
concepts that identify the phenomena of interest for a discipline. What we are
interested in and what informs our work.
4 concepts: health, person (patient), environment, and nursing (us as nurses).
What is a concept in terms of philosophy? - ANS an abstract idea or image of
phenomenon or reality
What is a conceptual framework? - ANS a group of related ideas, statements, or
concepts
What is a conceptual model? - ANS a graphic illustration of the relationship
between concepts
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