PSCI 2305 Final Exam
who controlled social welfare before the federal government? - Answer- local governments, private charities, fraternal societies
deserving poor - Answer- widows, orphans, seriously injured
undeserving poor - Answer- able-bodied people unwilling to work
Great Depress...
undeserving poor - Answer- able-bodied people unwilling to work
Great Depression - Answer- private wealth shrank, banks failed, businesses
collapsed, middle class fell into poverty
Contributory programs - Answer- social programs financed by taxation or other
mandatory contributions
Social Security Act (1935) - Answer- a contributory program into which workers pay
a portion of their wages in return for benefits after retirement
Indexing - Answer- established in 1972, a periodic process of adjusting social
benefits or wages to account for increases in the cost of living
Cost-of-living-adjustments (COLAs) - Answer- changes made to the level of benefits
from a government program based on the rate of inflation
Medicare - Answer- established in 1965, a form of national health insurance for the
elderly and disabled (contributory)
Noncontributory programs - Answer- benefits based on demonstrated need rather
than any contributions made
Medicaid - Answer- established in 1965, health insurance for the poor
(noncontributory)
Supplemental Security Income (SSI) - Answer- uniform benefits for people who are
elderly or disabled
Temporary Aid to Needy Families TANF - Answer- replacing Aid to Families with
Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1996
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) - Answer- formerly known as
food stamps, provides recipients with a debit card good for food at most stores
In-kind benefits - Answer- non cash goods and services provided to needy
individuals and families
Goldberg v. Kelly (1970) - Answer- The court held that these benefits from AFDC
(Aid to Families with Dependent Children) could not be revoked without due process
, Entitlement - Answer- the legal obligation of federal government to provide payments
to individuals according to eligibility
Equality of opportunity - Answer- the idea that all people should have the freedom to
use their talents and wealth to reach their potential
Who regulates education - Answer- State and local governments
When did the federal government take a larger role in education policy - Answer-
After WW2
Obama Initiatives in education - Answer- Waivers for NCLB requirements came with
conditions, states required teacher evaluations with test results, Common Core
Charter schools and who endorsed it - Answer- publicly funded schools that are free
from many rules and regulations in the school district, Obama
Pell Grant program - Answer- offered low-interest loans to college students
Higher Education Act - Answer- supplied assistance directly to colleges to provide
need-based grants to students
Pell Grant - Answer- program offered grants to low-income students
Affordable Care Act of 2010 - Answer- creation of new state-based insurance
exchanges and prohibition against denial of coverage by insurers, requires
individuals to purchase health insurance or risk paying a fine, expansion of Medicaid
and SCHIP
National Federation of Independent Businesses v. Sebelius (2012) - Answer- The
requirement for individuals to purchase insurances was ruled legal under Congress's
taxing power
How federal housing policies have evolved - Answer- public housing projects were
replicated in the 1980's with vouchers, vouchers provide recipients with support to
rent, critics argue that vouchers provide too little money
Beneficiaries of Social Policy - Answer- Elderly, middle and upper classes, working
poor, nonworking poor
How the elderly benefits from social policy - Answer- Social Security and Medicare
How middle and upper classes benefit from social policy - Answer- Shadow welfare
state, middle class benefits from the mortgage tax exemption
how the working poor benefits from social policy - Answer- ACA, Earned Income Tax
Credit, and SNAP, does not benefit from shadow welfare state and mortgage
deduction
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