Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart?
Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid (mitral), aortic semilunar
Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit?
right atrium
In which septum is it norma...
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Which of the following lists the valves in the order through which
the blood flows from the vena cava through the heart?
Tricuspid, pulmonary semilunar, bicuspid (mitral), aortic semilunar
Which chamber initially receives blood from the systemic circuit?
right atrium
In which septum is it normal to find openings in the adult?
atrioventricular septum
Which portion of the ECG (EKG) corresponds to repolarization of the
atria?
atrial repolarization is masked by ventricular depolarization
The cardiovascular centers are located in which area of the brain?
medulla oblangata
Which of the following is a negative inotrope?
K+
In a healthy young adult, what happens to cardiac output when heart
rate increases above 160 bpm?
It decreases
The force the heart must overcome to pump blood is known as:
afterload
The endothelium is found in the:
tunica interna
Closer to the heart, arteries would be expected to have a higher
percentage of:
elastic fibers
Which of the following best describes veins?
thin walled, large lumens, low pressure
Venoconstriction increases which of the following?
all of the above: blood pressure within the vein, blood flow within
the vein, return of blood to the heart
Would stroke volume be expected to be largest in a patient with high
or low blood pressure, everything else being equal?
Low
Which statement best describes the process of arteriosclerosis?
Stiffening of blood vessels due to loss of elastic fibers.
If you were to drink a liter of cola, the increased blood pressure
due to increased blood volume would be detected by:
Baroreceptors
, Is it more common for a patient with heart failure to have a heart
that is larger or smaller than expected?
Larger
Pathologic examination of cardiac muscle from a patient with cardiac
hypertrophy shows narrowed cardiomyocytes. What type of hypertrophy
does this patient have?
Eccentric hypertrophy
Which drug, when administered by itself, can relieve both congestive
and low cardiac output symptoms?
Vasodilator
Which class of drugs has the most direct effect on cardiac
hypertrophy itself?
ACE inhibitors
By blocking the Na+/K+ pump, does digoxin increase or decrease
cardiac output?
Increase
The concentration of what compound in the blood would be expected to
increase following administration of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor?
cAMP
Which of the following is a biologic drug that can be used to treat
digoxin overdose?
Digibind
Altered levels of the following ions can lead to toxicity in patients
receiving digitalis. Which one must be low prior to beginning
digitalis treatment?
Ca2+
Lisinopril directly blocks which process?
Production of Ang II
Which organ must Ramipril pass through prior to showing cardiac
activity, regardless of administration route?
Liver
Which drug is known to cause kidney damage to a developing fetus with
standard doping?
Captopril
Which drug causes a short-term decrease in ejection fraction followed
by a subsequent increase?
Metoprolol
Does spironolactone increase or decrease blood volume?
Decrease
Nitroglycerin acts as a vasodilator by increasing the levels of what
chemical in the blood?
Nitric oxide
What type of enzyme does sacubitril inhibit?
Peptidase
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