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Microbiology Exam 1 Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
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©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AMMicrobiology Exam 1 Questions and Answers (100% Pass)
What important functions do the following play in a cell: cytoplasmic membrane, ribosomes,
cell wall? - ✔️✔️- cytoplasmic membrane: it is a permeable layer that separates the inside of
the cell.
- ribosomes: the cell's protein-synthesizing structures.
- cell wall: lends structural strength to a cell (PLANT CELLS HAVE, ANIMALS DON'T)
(pp. 2) If microbial life had not evolved, would you be here today? Give one good reason of
why or why not. - ✔️✔️- In the absence of microorganisms, higher life forms would never
have appeared and could not be sustained.
- Humans, plants, and animals are intimately dependent on microbial activities for the
recycling go key nutrients and for degrading organic matter.
(pp. 2) Why are microbial cells useful tools for basic science? Why are microorganism
important to humans? - ✔️✔️- Microbiology uses microbial cells to probe the fundamental
processes of life. Microbiologists have developed an understanding of the chemical and
physical basis of life and have learned that all cells share much in common.
- Applied, microbiology is at the forefront of many important breakthroughs in human and
vet medicine, agriculture, and industry. From infectious diseases to soil fertility to fuel,
microorganisms affect the everyday lives of humans in both beneficial and detrimental ways.
What type of cells have a nucleus? Nucleoid? What is a cell's genome and why is it
important? - ✔️✔️- Eukaryote cells have a nucleus and nucleoid and are PLANT and
ANIMAL cells.
- The genome is the living blueprint of an organism; the characteristics, activities, and very
survival of a cells are governed by it's genome.
All cells show some form of _____________ by taking up nutrients from the environment
and transforming them into new cell materials. - ✔️✔️- metabolism
What do the terms "growth" and "motility" mean in microbiology? - ✔️✔️- In microbiology
we use the word growth to refer to the increase in cell number as a result of cell division.
- Motility allows cell to move away from unfavorable conditions and to exploit new
resources or growth opportunities.
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, ©PREP4EXAMS @2024 [REAL EXAM DUMPS] Wednesday, July 17, 2024 1:27 AM
Many prokaryotic cells can transfer genes to or accept genes from neighboring cells, either of
the same species or of a different species, in the process of ________________. - ✔️✔️-
genetic exchange.
_________________ is the process of descent with modification in which genetic variants
(mutants) are selected based on their reproductive fitness. - ✔️✔️- evolution
How old is Earth and when did cells first appear on Earth? - ✔️✔️- Earth is 4.6 billion years
old.
- Microbial cells first appeared between 3.8-3.9 billion years ago
Why were cyanobacteria so important in the evolution of life on Earth? - ✔️✔️- Cyanobacteria
evolved from an oxygenic phototrophs and began the slow process of oxygenating Earth's
atmosphere causing multicellular life to evolve.
How can the phylogenetic history of microorganisms be determined? - ✔️✔️- The technology
for revealing the phylogeny of a microorganism from its ribosomal RNA genes is well
developed, and from only a few cells, a phylogenetic tree that reveals the position of any
organism relative to its neighbors can be constructed.
** Ribosomal RNAs are component of ribosomes, the structures that synthesize new proteins
as part of the process of translation.
Name the three domains of life - ✔️✔️- bacteria, archaea, and eurkarya
** Over enormous periods of time, natural selection filled every suitable environment on
Earth with microorganisms whose ancestry can be traced back to one of these three domains.
How does a microbial community differ from a microbial population? - ✔️✔️- A population is
a group of cells denied from a single parental cells by successive cell divisions.
- Populations of cells interact with other populations in microbial communities. The
abundance and diversity of any microbial community is strongly controlled by the resources
(foods) available and conditions (temp, pH, presence of O2) that prevail in a community.
What is a habitat? How can microorganisms change the characteristics of their habitats? -
✔️✔️- The immediate environment in which a microbial population lives is called its habitat. A
habitat that is favorable for the growth of one organism may be harmful to another.
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