BIO 121 Exam 3 Review Questions and Complete Solutions
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Course
BIO 121
Institution
BIO 121
Binary fission a method of asexual reproduction; "division in half"; involves mitosis in eukaryotes
Mitosis a process of nuclear division in eukaryotes
What are the 5 stages of Mitosis? 1. Prophase 2. Prometaphase 3. metaphase 4. anaphase 5. telophase
Meiosis A modified type of cell division in ...
BIO 121 Exam 3 Review Questions and
Complete Solutions
Binary fission ✅a method of asexual reproduction; "division in half"; involves mitosis in
eukaryotes
Mitosis ✅a process of nuclear division in eukaryotes
What are the 5 stages of Mitosis? ✅1. Prophase
2. Prometaphase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase
Meiosis ✅A modified type of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms consisting
of 2 rounds of cell division, but one round of DNA replication. Half number of
chromosome sets as original cell
Sexual Reproduction ✅A type of reproduction in which two parents give rise to one
offspring that have unique combination of genes inherited by both parents via gametes
Asexual Reproduction ✅A type of reproduction with one parent; no fusion of gametes;
budding, division of a single cell; genetically identical to the parent
Haploid ✅A cell containing one set of chromosomes
Diploid ✅A cell containing two sets of chromosomes; one from each parent
Prophase ✅1st stage of mitosis; chromatin (chromosomes) condense
Prometaphase ✅2nd stage of mitosis; nuclear envelope fragments; each chromatid
gets a kinetochore
Metaphase ✅3rd stage of mitosis; Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase ✅4th stage of mitosis; sister chromatids separate from each other and are
pulled towards opposite ends of the cell; shortest stage
Telophase ✅5th stage of mitosis;2 nuclei form; mitotic spindle breaks down
Cytokinesis ✅The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells
, Interphase ✅The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing ; cellular
metabolic activity is high; 90 % of cell cycle
Chromosome ✅A cellular structure carrying genetic material; in nucleus; made up of a
very long DNA molecule and proteins
Tubulin ✅Globular protein that constructs the wall of the microtubules
Sister Chromatid ✅2 copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other at the
centromere (sometimes along arms)
Microtuble ✅A hallow rod composed of tubulin proteins that make up part of the
cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells
Centrosome ✅in cytoplasm of animal cells; functions as a microtubule organizing
center
Centromere ✅the region on each sister chromatid where they are most closely
attached to each other ; in a duplicated chromosome
Mitotic spindle ✅An assemblage of microtubules ; involved in movement of
chromosomes
Kinetochere ✅A structure of proteins attached to the centromere that links each sister
chromatid to the mitotic spindle
Homologous Chromosomes ✅A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere
position and staining pattern that possesses genes for the same characters at
corresponding loci
Separase ✅An enzyme that starts the anaphase stage of mitosis; separates the sister
chromatids
Cyclin ✅A cellular protein that occurs in a cyclically fluctuating concentration and that
plays an important role in regulating the cell cycle
Cyclin dependent kinase (cdk) ✅A protein kinase that is active only when attached to a
particular cyclin
MPF ✅Maturation -promoting factor; protein complex required for a cell to progress
from late interphase to mitosis;helps initiate mitosis
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