Baseball Exam #1 Questions and Answers
Professionalization
- As industrialization standardized, jobs became boring and monotonous. People looked to sports for bonding and entertainment.
- Organized sports became popular in the mid 19th century
- Traditional games were brought from other countri...
Professionalization - answer - As industrialization standardized, jobs became boring
and monotonous. People looked to sports for bonding and entertainment.
- Organized sports became popular in the mid 19th century
- Traditional games were brought from other countries and became organized at
universities
- Strong sense of immorality surrounding baseball. Women were used to clean it up.
- Standardization gave sports more respectability
- Discrimination against women playing
- Organized games start in late 1850s
- Popular among Indians. Women played in this culture too
- Pro teams were usually minor league affiliates of the major league teams scattered
around the state
- Geographical closeness, local pride and entertainment value made baseball a popular
and vital part of local culture in early 20th Century
When were baseball rules codified? - answer 1845
Charles Albert "Chief Bender" - answer - Invented the slider and was one of the most
formidable pitchers in major league baseball
WWII - answer - Drained manpower from major and minor leagues
-
Wrigley - answer - Owner of the Chicago Cubs
- Saw women to the issue of WWII:
- 1943 - Organized All-American Girls Professional Baseball League
- Media and fan interest greatest in the smaller cities
- Slightly modified rules
- Dress on and off the field strictly regulated
- Much higher pay than average woman would normally make
Albert Goodwill Spalding - answer - Former pitcher
- Team president
- Entrepreneur in sporting goods industry
- Major force behind the professionalization and commercialization of baseball
- Owner of Chicago White Stocks team
- Former pitcher for White Stockings
-Owner most trusted by players, but kew that salary fixing would take place
,- Helped organize the NL
-During progressive era, concluded that sport was American and ID'd its roots in
Spalding's Official Baseball Guide of 1907
-Baseball Monopolist
-Mirrored country coming together and growing
-Led NAPBB
-Starts sporting goods empire
-Start moving gambling away from the game b/c goal is to be more professional
-Boston is good at everything and monopolizes, so Spalding create another association
to create competition (shows pattern of businesses not being as successful)
Vision that baseball could be first big business sport, but would to be possible w/ current
state of football
What did baseball look like in the early days - answer - Cheating in the game
- Gambling
- No safety precautions
- Players bodies were not very athletic
- Players didn't make much money and would work during off-season
When did baseball evolve into what we know it to be today? - answer - Late 19th
century
19th Century - answer - Period of growth and development for baseball
- By the end of the century: National pastime, several professional and amateur
leagues, all over the US and other countries
- Town ball
Town Ball - answer - Most similar to baseball, but not unstandardized
- Modern baseball derives from NY game
NY Knickerbockers - answer - 1845
- Drew up set of formal rules for their club games
- Well organized
- socially prestigious
- favored rules that made game more formal and regular
- Led other NY teams to adopt the rules
- National Association of Base Ball Players founded in 1857 and adopted Knickerbocker
rules. (Pay $10 for admissions. Commercialization and entertainment. Players in charge
initially)
-Upset b/c they didn't want immigrants playing their game so immigrants started own
league.
-Created idea of season
-First rules came about in the 1840's
, -Reflected US becoming more organized and structured, wanting order
NABBP - answer - Accelerated by Civil War
- Troops of men from different backgrounds were forced to adopt one set of rules, so
took the NABBP rules
Charging an admission fee - answer - Injection of profit into the game led almost
inevitably to growth of professionalism
- Part of money would go to paying top players
Cincinnati Red Stockings - answer - 1869
- toured the country as an openly pro team
- Challenged NABBP which adopted new pro category. Boosted popularity of game.
- Established idea of professional competition
-encouraged formation of other pro teams and eventually led to the establishment of
1871 NA
Play @ union grounds
First team
Commercial age full of brands
-Decided team should be a brand, designed uniforms
Picking up that pros are specializing and practicing to improve, apply this to baseball
National Association - answer - NA
- 1870
- Established by pro teams when NABBP took way pro category
-1857
-Founding principle of organization was to keep baseball an amateur sport - prohibited
players from getting compensation
-Rivalries weakened teams so paying became common practice. Divided teams into
those who paid and those who didn't
1871 - Red Stockings' success encouraged the formation of other pro teams and
eventually led to the establishment in 1871 of a new organization: National Association
of Pro Baseball Players
William Hulbert - answer - Established the NL
-Thought if game became organized, it would grow in popularity and competitiveness
-Instrumental in founding of the NL
-National Association preceded NL, change happened when Hulbert lost in a petition to
his shortstop moving in the middle of the season
-NL did not support teams like Hulbert's in creating an equal playing field, so Hulbert
decided to begin anew and get the support of Spalding and other budding stars to make
the NL
-2nd President of NL
-"The man who saved the game"
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