RPSGT Exam Prep. (Answered) 393
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Berlin Questionnaire
series of questons designed to demonstrate the likelihood of palient having sleep apnea.
Hypoventilation
Insufficient breathing results in increased levels of CO2 and decreased levels of 02 the blood.
High Frequency Filter (HFF)
A tool or device on a polysomnograph which sets a Iimitation to the high frequency signals that allowed
to pass through the amplifier.
Histogram
a display of sleep stages achieved throughout the sleep period.
Nasion
anatomical landmark on the top or bridge of the nose where the forehead and nose meet. This landmark
is used in the International 10/20 System of Electrode Placement to locate electrode sites.
Hyperventilation
A state of excessively fast breathing, resulting in decreased C02 levels and increased 02 levels in the
blood.
Sa02
The amount of oxygen in the biood as read by an arterial biood gas.
Нypоxia
The state low oxygen levels in the blood.
Нурохemia
The state of having habitually low oxygen levels the blood.
Hypercapnea
Excess levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the blood.
Hypnagogic Foot Tremor (HFT)
,A sleep disorder characterized by rhythmic leg or foot movements at sleep onset.
Impedance
Resistance to the flow of electricity. In polysomnograph, EEG electrode impedances should be kept
below 5000 Ohms.
Bioelectric Potentials
Electrical signals that originate from a living source.
Histamine
A chemical in the brain responsible for activation of the cortex.
Neurotransmitters
Chemicals in the brain that allow for the exchange of impulses from one neuron to the next.
Sampling Rate
The designated number bits recorded per second in a channel.
Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)
A series of questions in which the patient provides a subjective assessment of their own sleep quality.
Maintenance of Wakefulness Test (MWT)
A sleep study in which the patient is given several opportunities to remain awake while in a relaxed,
darkened environment.
Pneumatic Respiration Transducer
device for detecting A respiratory effort that uses cuff and bladder.
Major Body Movement
An epoch in which the patient's body movements obscure the tracings to the point that the sleep stage
cannot be determined.
Calibration
A process of testing and adjusting diagnostic equipment in response to varying voltages of known value.
This process ensures reliability in recorded signals.
Sleep Log
A diary of an individual's time in bed, estimated total sleep time, lights out time, lights on time, and daily
activities. Sleep logs can help clinicians determine circadian rhythm disorders and causes of insomnia.
Canthus
Either corner of the eye, where the upper and lower eyelids meet. The outer canthus is used as a
landmark for placing EOG electrodes.
,Sleep Mentation
Thoughts and feelings that take place during sleep.
ЕРАР
Expiratory positive airway Pressure. Positive Airway Pressure during the exhalation or expiratory phase of
respiration. EPAP and IPAP are identical during CPAP and dissimilar during Bi-Level PAP.
Нyросаpnea
Having too little carbon dioxide in the blood.
Ерoch
In polysomnography, a page of the sleep study recording. The paper speed in is standard
polysomnography 10mm/sec, which produces 30-second page.
Нурopnea
A decrease in airflow for at least ten seconds caused by a partial obstruction in the upper airway.
Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS)
An index of sleepiness during the day as perceived by patients, derived from the answers to 8 questions.
V Waves
Sharp negative deflections seen in an EEG channel. V Waves are characteristic of the latter part of stage
N1. V Waves were formerly called Vertex Waves or Vertex Sharp Waves.
Esophageal Balloon
A device inserted into the esophagus to measure small changes in airway resistance.
Volt
A measurement of electrical force.
Sleep Related Hallucinations
These are hallucinations either at sleep onset or upon awakening, often associated with sleep onset REM
periods (SOREMP's), and may be frightening to the patient. These occur the absence of narcolepsy.
End Tidal CO2
A reading of carbon dioxide levels in the blood as measured by expired air.
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
A structure in the brain responsible for the 24-hour circadian rhythm.
Sleep Related Eating Disorder
, This disorder includes repeated episodes of eating and/or drinking during arousals from sleep. This often
occurs on a nightly basis, or several times a night. the patient usually chooses junk foods.
Environmental Sleep Disorder
A secondary sleep disorder caused by a sleep disorder present in a bed partner, poor sleep hygiene, or
other factors.
Thalamus
A structure in the brain responsible for relaying certain sensory information from the body to different
parts of the brain.
Delayed Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder
This is characterized by later sleep time than expected. Patients with this disorder are usually
adolescents or young adults, and tend to stay up late at night and wake up late the morning.
Long Sleeper
This symptom occurs when a person sleeps >10 hours per 24 hours, and is not explainable by another
sleep disorder. The requirements change according to age, since infants need this much sleep normally.
Irregular Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder
This disorder is characterized by abnormal sleep and wake times. Although the total sleep time during
the 24-hour period may be normal, the sleep periods may come the form of several naps.
Body Mass Index
A calculation of height and weight.
Advanced Sleep-Wake Phase Disorder
This is characterized by an earlier sleep time than expected.Patients with this disorder are usually
elderly, and tend to go to bed early at night and wake up early in the morning.
Short Sleeper
This symptom occurs when a person sleeps <5 hours per 24 hours, and is able to maintain normal
functionality and wakefulness. This type of individual does not require the normal amount of sleep.
Non-24-Hour Sleep-Wake Rhythm Disorder
This is a circadian rhythm that is not consistent with the 24- hour clock. The patient's circadian rhythm is
often longer than 24 hours, and does not seem to be related to the light- dark cycle.
Bundle Branches
Three branches from the bundle of HIS in the heart that run along the interventricular septum.
Current (I) equals Voltage (V) divided by Resistance (R).
| = V/R
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